律师年终工作总结

网络环境下高校危机管理略论

WASHINGTON, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- The United States requested the World Trade Organization (WTO) on Wednesday to establish a dispute settlement panel to rule on China's export restraints on raw materials. But Chinese officials insist that they are consistent with WTO rules.     The materials at issue are: bauxite, coke, fluorspar, magnesium, manganese, silicon metal, silicon carbide, yellow phosphorus, and zinc, key inputs for numerous downstream products in the steel, aluminum, and chemical sectors across the globe.     The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) said in a statement that the raw materials are "critical to U.S. manufacturers and workers."     The USTR also said that the European Union and Mexico are joining the United States in requesting the establishment of a WTO dispute settlement panel regarding this matter.     The U.S. and the European Union requested formal consultations with China at the WTO on June 23, 2009, and Mexico filed its consultations request on August 21, 2009.     "We believe the restraints at issue in this dispute significantly distort the international market and provide preferential conditions for Chinese industries that use these raw materials," said Debbie Mesloh, a USTR spokeswoman.     "Working together with the European Union and Mexico, we tried to resolve this issue through consultations, but did not succeed. At this point, therefore, we need to move forward with the next step in the WTO dispute settlement process," Mesloh stated. "We remain open to working with China to find a mutually agreeable solution to our concerns."     But the Chinese Ministry of Commerce defended China's export policies, saying they are consistent with WTO rules.     The chief aim of China's export policies is to protect the environment and conserve natural resources, said an official with the Ministry of Commerce in June.     China has been keeping communication and contact with the U.S. and the EU over China's policy on raw material exports, the official said, adding that China will properly deal with the consultation request in accordance with WTO dispute settlement procedures.     According to the procedures, China, the U.S., the EU and Mexico have 60 days to try to resolve their dispute through consultations. If consultations fail, the U.S., the EU and Mexico could ask for a WTO panel to investigate and rule on this dispute.

ASTANA, Dec. 12 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev on Saturday pledged to advance their countries' strategic partnership.     During a meeting with Nazarbayev, Hu put forward a five-point proposal for the development of bilateral relations between China and Kazakhstan. Firstly, China and Kazakhstan should strengthen their political mutual trust by maintaining the momentum of frequent high-level contact and expanding cooperation and exchanges between parliaments and government departments, Hu said.Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev in Astana Dec. 12, 2009. The Chinese president said the two sides should strengthen mutual support on major issues concerning each other's core interests so as to enhance mutual understanding and trust.     Hu said he has accepted an invitation by Nazarbayev to visit Kazakhstan next year, adding that he also invited Nazarbayev to visit China at a convenient time in the near future.     Secondly, Hu said the two countries should deepen their cooperation in the energy sector, and earnestly implement the operation and maintenance of the China-Kazakhstan natural gas pipeline.     The two countries should also strengthen cooperation in the mining sector, he said.     Thirdly, China and Kazakhstan should advance their cooperation in non-energy sectors so as to push forward practical bilateral ties in an all-round manner.     The Chinese president said the two countries should step up efforts to carry out their cooperation plans in non-energy sectors and in promoting the implementation of the first batch of their cooperation projects.     Hu also called for joint efforts from both sides in expanding the scale and improving the economic returns of their non-energy cooperation.     Fourthly, the two sides need to strengthen cooperation in the financial sector, especially in such areas as loans and financing, financial supervision, risk prevention and anti-money laundering.     He said the two sides should accelerate the implementation of agreements on the 10-billion-dollar loan China provided for Kazakhstan to create favorable conditions for their cooperation in energy, mining and non-energy sectors. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) and Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev (R) attend the completion ceremony of the Kazakhstan-China natural gas pipeline in Astana Dec. 12, 2009. Fifthly, Hu said the two sides should expand cooperation and exchanges in the fields of humanities and culture.     He said China is ready to expand cooperation with Kazakhstan insuch areas as science, technology, education, culture, sports and tourism. He also announced a decision to increase from 100 to 200 the number of Kazakh students who study in China on Chinese government scholarships every year.     Nazarbayev agreed with Hu's five-point proposal and said the Kazak side was satisfied with the development of the good-neighborly friendship and strategic partnership enjoyed by the two countries.     Hu's visit took place on the eve of the 18th anniversary of Kazakhstan's independence, which Nazarbayev said reflects the importance that China places on its relations with his country.     The two leaders watched the completion of a natural gas pipeline in Kazakhstan earlier Saturday. The pipeline is part of the China-Central Asia gas pipeline that links Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.     Noting that bilateral relations have ushered in a new stage of energy cooperation, Nazarbayev said his country was willing to strengthen pragmatic cooperation with China in the fields of trade, finance, infrastructure, energy and non-energy.     He also agreed with China's handling of the July 5 incident in Urumuqi in northwest China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and reiterated his support for China's efforts to strike against the "three evil forces" of terrorism, separatism and extremism     China's efforts were necessary to maintain stability in Xinjiang, and were good for stability in Kazakhstan, he said.     The president also thanked the Chinese government for increasing the number of Kazak students studying in China and said his country was ready to work with Beijing to smoothly run the two Confucius Institutes in Kazakhstan.     China and Kazakhstan have witnessed sustained, rapid and healthy progress of bilateral ties since establishing diplomatic relations in 1992.     Kazakhstan has become China's largest trading partner in Central Asia. Despite the global financial crisis, two-way trade reached 17.55 billion U.S. dollars in 2008, exceeding the 15-billion-dollar target set by the two countries' governments.     China and Kazakhstan have also made concerted efforts in fighting against the "three evil forces", cracking down on drug trafficking and other cross-border crimes.     Hu arrived in Astana earlier Saturday for a two-day visit to Kazakhstan at the invitation of Nazarbayev.     Kazakhstan is the first leg of Hu's two-nation Central Asia trip. He is expected to leave Kazakhstan on Sunday for Turkmenistan.

BEIJING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Friday urged fast and sound development of meteorological work, stressing its important role in tackling global climate change, disaster prevention and sustainable socio-economic growth.     Wen made the remarks when visiting the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), which celebrated its 60 founding anniversary on Dec. 8. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) looks through a microscope, at the laboratory of the National Climate Center while visiting China Meteorological Administration in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 11, 2009.Wen urged the meteorologists to improve accuracy and timeliness of the forecasts of major meteorological disasters, and asked them to strengthen their capabilities in dealing with such incidents and improve contingency plans to cope with disasters.     Quality meteorological services should also be provided to all sectors of society, he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd L) meets with climate experts and workers at the National Climate Center while visiting China Meteorological Administration in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 11, 2009.Wen told the meteorological authority to beef up research on the impact of climate change on grain, economy, energy, and ecological environment, and work out better response to help the nation meet the emission cut target.     The premier also visited the national satellite meteorological center, a subsidiary of CMA and read the real time meteorological information sent by the satellite. He also observed the meteorological conditions in the quake-hit Sichuan province through video. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd R) looks at a meteorological satellite model of FY-series at the National Satellite Meteorological Center while visiting China Meteorological Administration in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 11, 2009

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BEIJING, Dec. 16 (Xinhua) -- Top Chinese political advisor Jia Qinglin said here Wednesday that China will strengthen political mutual trust, expand substantial cooperation and promote common development with Belarus.     Jia, chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, hailed bilateral ties during a meeting with Vladimir Andreichenko, chairman of the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of Belarus.     He applauded the cooperation with Belarus on politics, economy, culture and international affairs, saying the two countries supported each other on some major issues of common concerns and brought about tangible benefits for the two peoples.     Jia pledged to promote exchanges and cooperation between the CPPCC and Belarussian parliament in a bid to further bilateral ties.     Andreichenko commended China's economic growth and increasingly important role on the international arena, saying that his country and the Belarussian parliament will further cooperation with China.

BEIJING, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao's state visits to Malaysia and Singapore and his attendance at the 17th Economic Leaders Meeting of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum on Nov. 10-15 was fruitful and achieved great success, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said Sunday.     Yang, who was accompanying the Chinese president during the tour, told Chinese reporters that Hu's visit was made against the backdrop of a steady global economy that is improving for the better and of the profoundly changing regional situation.     It was an important diplomatic move aimed at deepening good-neighborly relations, promoting cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region and joining efforts with the countries in the region to tackle crises and meet challenges.     During the six days, President Hu attended more than 30 multilateral or bilateral events, including meetings with leaders of Malaysia and Singapore, having extensive contacts with people from various walks of life and delivering important speeches at the APEC meeting.     Local and international media gave prominent, objective and positive coverage to Hu's visits. The Chinese president became a focus of world attention again, particularly at the APEC meetings.     Throughout the Chinese president's Asian tour, there was always a warm and friendly atmosphere and the visit is a complete success, the foreign minister said.     PROMOTION OF CHINA-MALAYSIA STRATEGIC COOPERATION TO A NEW LEVEL     This year marks the 35th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Malaysia. In recent years, the two countries have witnessed a momentum of sound development of bilateral ties, marked by frequent exchanges of high-level visits and close people-to-people exchanges and fruitful cooperation in various fields. In view of the international financial crisis, China and Malaysia expressed their readiness to deepen cooperation as bilateral relations face new opportunities for development.     During his stay in Malaysia, President Hu met with Malaysian Supreme Head of State Mizan Zainal Abidin and had an in-depth exchange of views with Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak on ways of strengthening bilateral cooperation. Both sides pledged efforts to advance their strategic cooperative ties to a higher level.     The Chinese president proposed that, to further push forward the development of China-Malaysia relations, both sides do good work in implementing the Joint Action Plan for Strategic Cooperation, strive to expand the scope of cooperation, seek new forms of cooperation and nurture new sectors with development potentials.     The Malaysian leaders gave positive responses to Hu's proposal and fully agreed with Hu's important views on further development of bilateral ties. The Malaysian side is willing to work with China; to explore new areas of cooperation, in efforts to cement bilateral strategic cooperation.     The two countries agreed to jointly promote the development of China-ASEAN relations, advance the the process of cooperation in East Asia, strengthen communication and coordination within the multilateral frameworks including APEC and make new contributions to development in the Asia-Pacific region.     PROMOTION OF CHINA-SINGAPORE MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL COOPERATION TOA NEW LEVEL     During his visit to Singapore, the Chinese president met with Singaporean President S. R. Nathan, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Senior Minister Gok Chok Tong and Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, and exchanged profound views with them on China-Singapore relations, on international and regional issues of common concern, and reached consensus on a number of issues.     President Hu put forward a six-point proposal for deepening the mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries. The proposal includes maintaining high-level exchanges, bringing into full play the bilateral cooperation mechanism, bettering the intergovernmental flagship projects of the Suzhou Industrial Park and the Tianjin Ecological Area, and strengthening defensive security and multilateral cooperation.     The Chinese president announced in Singapore that to mark the 20th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore next year, China will provide Singapore with a pair of giant pandas for cooperative research. The announcement was warmly applauded by the Singaporean people who take this move as a symbol of the China-Singapore friendship.     Singaporean leaders spoke highly of the progress achieved in various cooperation fields. The two sides believed that cooperation was well conducted in such important chosen fields as high-tech, in facilitating Chinese enterprises to "go global", and in the training of human resources. The Suzhou Industrial Park has achieved outstanding progress in the past 15 years.     PROPOSAL FOR TACKLING FINANCIAL CRISIS     During his visits to Malaysia and Singapore, Hu gave a comprehensive and detailed account of the policies and measures China has adopted to fight the international financial crisis and the successes achieved in this regard.     The leaders of Malaysia and Singapore spoke highly of the positive and constructive role China has played in the fight against the financial crisis in Asia and the whole world and they were convinced that China would continue to play an important role in the "post-crisis" era.     A stable, dynamic and prosperous Chinese economy would contribute greatly to economic recovery in Asia and the world at large, they agreed.     On the issue of promoting sustained growth, Hu said the profound impact of the financial crisis is still evident and the world economic upturn is not yet firmly established. A comprehensive world economic recovery still faces many uncertainties and destabilizing factors, the president said.     In addition, the Doha Round negotiations have been fraught with difficulties and twists and turns, and global issues have become more pronounced. These are all daunting challenges to the full recovery and long-term growth of the world economy, including in the Asia-Pacific region, he said.     At this critical juncture, "we should all the more get united, follow the principle of openness, cooperation and mutual benefit, strengthen coordination and work together to secure the momentum of world economic recovery and promote balanced and orderly economic growth," said the Chinese president.     SUPPORT FOR SOUND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM     Hu expounded on China's position on opposing trade protectionism and supporting the multilateral trading system.     He said the APEC member economies should advance the World Trade Organization's Doha Round negotiations on the basis of locking in the existing achievements and respecting the Doha mandate.     "We are ready to speed up the settlement of the remaining issues and work for comprehensive and balanced outcomes at the negotiations at an early date in order to achieve the goals of the development round," Hu said.     "We must be committed to our promises, strongly oppose trade protectionism in all its manifestations, be vigilant against and correct the 'invisible' protectionism acts in various forms, reduce and eliminate trade barriers, and solve trade disputes through dialogue and coordination, thus creating favorable conditions for full recovery and long-term development of world economy," Hu said.     PROMOTION OF APEC REGIONAL COOPERATION TO MAKE NEW ACHIEVEMENTS     In his address at the two-day APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, President Hu called on the APEC to reform and improve itself to raise the efficiency of cooperation so as to keep advancing with the changing times.     Also, the APEC should focus more on its unique strengths, continue to promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, scale up input and promote even greater achievements in economic and technical cooperation, and continue to increase its institutional dynamism through reform and innovation, Hu said.     To promote APEC economic and technical cooperation, he said, the Chinese government will allocate 10 million U.S. dollars for the establishment of the China-APEC Cooperation Fund to encourage and support participation by relevant Chinese departments and businesses in APEC economic and technical cooperation.     The Chinese president also called on all parties to take an active part in the Fifth APEC Human Resources Development Ministerial Meeting in 2010 and continuously support and take part in activities of the Asia-Pacific Network on Forest Rehabilitation and Sustainable Management. His proposal won high appraisal and was warmly applauded by the paticipating leaders.     PROMOTION OF SOLUTION OF GLOBAL ISSUES TO MAKE NEW PROGRESS     The international community is facing severe challenges of climate change, which concerns human survival and development, Hu said.     The international community has actively taken steps to tackle climate change despite the existence of some difficulties in the negotiation process, he said, adding that the world should be full of confidence, redouble efforts, and strive to overcome difficulties in this regard to achieve positive results.     Hu said the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol have laid the legal foundation for the international community to collaborate on addressing climate change and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities has already become a universally accepted and basic principle for tackling climate change.     Also, the "Bali Roadmap" has made clear the requirements and orientation of international cooperation on climate change, he added.     All parties concerned should abide by the above principle and requirements, fully demonstrate their political will, turn their political will into real action to push forward the process of relevant talks and work to realize the goal of strengthening the implementation of the UNFCCC in a comprehensive and sustainable way, the Chinese president said.     In recent years, international talks on implementing the "Bali Roadmap" had made progress and reached consensus on a number of aspects, he said, calling on the international community to build on the consensus and progress and work to reach further consensus, and push for a positive outcome of the Copenhagen climate talks. Hu's proposal was highly appreciated by the participating leaders, especially those from developing countries.     On the sidelines of the APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the Chinese president made extensive contacts with leaders from other APEC members and held talks with his counterparts from Russia, Indonesia, Chile and Peru to exchange views on furthering bilateral ties and deepen pragmatic cooperation.     Yang said that Hu's state visits to Malaysia and Singapore and his attendance at the APEC meeting will undoubtedly generate great and far-reaching influence on full-scale promotion of China's relations with both Malaysia and Singapore as well as ASEAN, and also on their cooperation in meeting global challenges such as the current global financial crisis and climate change, supporting the multilateral trading system, speeding up the process of regional economic integration and promoting long-term development of the APEC.

TORONTO, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- The emerging markets of China, India and Brazil will lead the way in global auto sales in 2010, a report said Tuesday.     The U.S. market, meanwhile, was expected to see a double-digit increase and will lead the growth of mature markets in 2010, said the global auto report by Canadian Scotiabank Economics.     The report said that a cyclical recovery in global auto sales began in the spring of 2009 and would gain momentum in 2010.     China became the world's largest auto market in 2009, surpassing purchases in the United States. Car sales in China surged by more than 40 percent to 7.3 million units this year thanks to government incentives.     The incentives included a reduction in sales tax from 10 percent to 5 percent for small fuel-efficient vehicles with engines less than 1.6 litres.     The incentives were expected to lift sales by 20 percent to nearly 9 million units in 2010, the report said.     "Global car sales will continue to be buoyed by the ongoing massive and synchronized monetary and fiscal stimulus, which has generated a global economic recovery, including improving auto lending across the globe," said Carlos Gomes, senior economist at Scotia Economics.     "In fact, we estimate that auto loans across major markets bottomed in the first quarter of 2009 and have improved consistently alongside a thawing in global credit markets and falling interest rates," he said.     According to the report, improving access to credit and a return to 3-percent growth in the world economy will enable 2010 car sales to recapture half of the ground lost over the past two years, and set the stage for record volumes in 2011.     Auto sales in the United States have reversed the downward trend, with volumes advancing above a year earlier since August alongside a nascent economic recovery.     The report also predicted that through a vehicle scrappage program to spur the market, auto sales in Canada would reach 1.53 million units in 2010, up from 1.45 million this year.     "On average, 7 percent of the Canadian fleet is replaced each year," Gomes said. "However, the scrappage rate slumped to less than 6 percent in 2009, as the global economic downturn prompted Canadians to tighten their wallets and continue to drive their aging vehicles.

山西清场排毒

BEIJING, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- China's manufacturing sector continued to grow for the ninth straight month in November, according to a survey by the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing (CFLP) on Tuesday.     The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) of China's manufacturing sector stood at 55.2 percent in November, unchanged from the previous month, the CFLP said.     It was the ninth straight month that the PMI reading stayed above 50.     A reading of above 50 suggests expansion, while one below 50 indicates contraction. The PMI includes a package of indices that measure economic performance.     Zhang Liqun, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council, said the unchanged PMI index from the month before might suggest a stable recovery of China's economy.     He expected government investment would see gradual reduction, while investment from the private sector might increase. Exports would go up, but not in a drastic rise, he said.     In November, new order index and output index both held steady from figures in the previous month at 58.4 percent and 59.4 percent, respectively, according to the CFLP.     New export order index was 53.6 percent, down by 0.9 percentage points compared to November while purchasing price index rose by 6.5 percentage points to 63.4 percent.     Only three out of the 20 surveyed sectors reported a PMI index reading below 50, which were paper making and printing, oil processing, and beverages making.

BEIJING, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Monday called for more peace efforts from Israel and Palestinians toward a two-state solution.     Wen made the appeal on the occasion of the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People.     In a congratulatory message to this year's UN activities to observe this day, Wen said the Palestinian issue is at the core of the Middle East issue.     "China firmly supports the demands of Palestinian people for the restoration of their legitimate national rights and for the establishment of an independent state," said Wen.     The Middle East Peace process is at a crossroads. China hopes that Israel and Palestinians could guide the peace talks toward a desired direction and work for a two-state solution in accordance with relevant UN resolutions and the "land-for-peace" principle, he said.     An early resolution of the Palestinian issue in a comprehensive, just and permanent manner is not only beneficial to the Palestinian people, but also conducive to peace and stability in the whole Middle East region, said Wen.     As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, said Wen, China remains committed to the Mideast peace process and is willing to play a constructive role, together with the international community, in promoting peace, stability and development in the Middle East.

太原女性早期外痔图片

NAIROBI, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi, who was visiting Nairobi, capital of Kenya, said Wednesday China-Africa relations are enjoying broad popular support and a solid political foundation and the two sides should forge a new type of strategic partnership to increase the vitality and creativity of cooperation in the new era.     "In fact, with the joint efforts and cultivation of the two sides, China-Africa relations have made much progress in recent years as evidenced by deeper political mutual trust, closer cooperation for mutual benefits, and stronger people-to people ties," said Yang at a joint press conference with Kenyan Foreign Minister Moses Wetang'ula.     The top Chinese diplomat said in the haze of the international financial crisis, both China and Africa have met the difficulties head-on and accelerated cooperation, which has become a highlight in the international cooperation for development.     "This is the success of China and Africa. This is also the success of South-South cooperation. It showcases the strong vitality and great promise that will be released when the largest developing country and the largest developing continent in the world join hands and move forward," he added.     Yang, who earlier on Wednesday paid courtesy calls on Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki and Prime Minister Raila Odinga before meeting his Kenyan counterpart, said the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in November last year spelled out China's commitment to cement friendship, deepen cooperation, face challenges together and seek common development.     During the meeting held in the Egyptian Red Sea resort of Sharmel-Sheikh, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, on behalf of the Chinese government, announced eight new measures to promote practical cooperation with Africa, including tackling climate change, strengthening scientific and technological cooperation, enhancing Africa's financing ability and increasing market access for African products.     "China has always honored its commitments with real actions. We will work with all member states of FOCAC to implement the outcomes of the Ministerial Conference in a concrete way," he said, adding that one of the important missions of his visit to Africa, which will also bring him to Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Algeria and Morocco, is "to show to Africa the sincerity of the Chinese government, discuss with African countries the implementation actions on the ground, and bring the outcomes of the conference to the African people".     On his part, Wetang'ula applauded good relationship between the two countries and expressed appreciation of China's technical and financial support to Kenya, reiterating that Kenya committed to One-China policy. 

BEIJING, Oct. 19 (Xinhua) -- An Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) could make the Chinese mainland and Taiwan complement each other and achieve the best win-win results, Yao Jian, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce (MOC), said here Monday.     "The ECFA could enhance the well-being of the people across the Taiwan Straits," Yao said in a statement on the ministry's website.     He added that with increasingly strengthened cross-Straits economic cooperation, the signing of the ECFA should be in line with the development of the cross-Straits relationship and the characteristics of the mainland-Taiwan economic and trade cooperation.     The ECFA would help reduce trade barriers gradually and bring positive effects to the economies, trade and most industries across the Straits, according to a latest research report completed by the academy of international trade and economic cooperation under the MOC.     Official figures revealed that the combined cross-Straits trade volume stood at 129.22 billion U.S. dollars in 2008.