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数学研修总结及反思

The Chinese government is working on specific regulations for collecting royalties from television, radio stations for using music works, a senior official said in Beijing over the week.However, it has not been decided when the regulations will be publicized, Liu Binjie, director of the General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP) and the National Copyright Administration (NCA), was quoted as saying.The Chinese government's efforts in combating piracy and protecting intellectual property rights (IPR) have resulted in more shops and restaurants signing up to pay royalties on the ubiquitous background music that had long been used for free.Background music played at department stores or hotels -- also called "muzak"-- received legal protection in China in 2001 under revisions to the Copyright Law. The law states that both live and mechanical performances enjoy the same rights. Up to now, most big hotels, department stores and supermarkets in Beijing and Shanghai have paid fees to the Music Copyright Society of China (MCSC) for using the songs under their administration, according to sources.And Karaoke bars in China's main cities were made to pay 12 yuan (US.50) a day in royalties to music artists for each room, according to a regulation set by China's National Copyright Administration late last year.However, most television and radio stations in China are still using music works without paying any royalties.The Music Copyright Society of China is now negotiating with television and radio stations on copyright fee payments, China Press and Publishing Journal reported.The Music Copyright Society of China is the country's only officially recognized organization for music copyright administration.The association has now administered copyrights for over 14 million music works by 4,000 members.Public venues including hotels, restaurants and department stores are charged with different standards by the society. The usual fee is 2.54 yuan (US.9) per square meter per year for a department store of 10,000 to 20,000 square meters to use the music, the society said.

SHANGHAI: In a fresh sign of China¡¯s financial strength, a leap in the shares of Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Monday made it the world¡¯s biggest bank by market capitalisation, overtaking US giant Citigroup. ICBC¡¯s Shanghai-listed A shares surged 2.68% to 5.75 yuan, giving it a market capitalisation of 4bn, according to Reuters calculations. That exceeded the 1bn capitalisation of Citigroup, previously the world¡¯s biggest bank, when its shares closed at .73 in New York on Friday. HSBC Holdings was in third place with 5bn. Shares in ICBC, which listed in Shanghai and Hong Kong last October, have gained 15% this month on the back of a rally in China¡¯s booming stock market as well as strong growth in the bank¡¯s own earnings. Weakness in Citigroup¡¯s share price, and appreciation of the yuan against the dollar have also shifted market values in favour of ICBC. But some analysts believe ICBC¡¯s ballooning capitalisation may also be a sign of a dangerously overheated Shanghai stock market as speculating Chinese investors pour money into shares. ICBC, a state-controlled behemoth which is trying to modernise a creaky branch network operating almost entirely inside China, reported income of bn last year. Citigroup, one of the world¡¯s most sophisticated financial institutions with operations around the globe, reported income almost four times as large, at bn. ICBC¡¯s share price yesterday valued it at 28 times analysts¡¯ forecasts for its earnings per share in 2007, far above 11 times for Citigroup and an average of 16 times for major global banks, according to Reuters Estimates. ¨C Reuters

BEIJING - Zhang Bing grew up in remote Inner Mongolia, where his family herded sheep and raised chickens. Today he's a manager in a glittering karaoke club 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) away in a booming eastern Chinese city. Zhang, 26, is part of a huge wave of rural workers streaming into China's cities in search of work and opportunity. A UN report released Wednesday said more than half of China's population - now 1.3 billion people - will be living in urban areas within 10 years. Government officials say an estimated 150 million people moved to China's cities between 1999 and 2005, providing labor to fuel the country's breakneck economic growth. "From 1980 to 2030, the population of China will go from being 20 percent urban to almost two-thirds urban. We're in the middle of that transformation. Within the next 10 years we'll cross that halfway mark," said William Ryan, the United Nations Population Fund's information adviser for Asia and the Pacific region. The agency's State of World Population 2007 report says more than half the world's population will live in cities and towns in 2008, with the number expected to grow to 60 percent, or 5 billion people, by 2030. Asia is at the forefront of this demographic shift, expected to nearly double its urban population between 2000 and 2030, from 1.4 billion to 2.6 billion. Zhang moved to Tianjin after high school and earns about US0 (euro370) a month at the Oriental Pearl karaoke club. He saves two-thirds, and is thinking of opening a store to sell knockoff purses. He said he expects to have a wife, house and car - "an Audi, definitely" - within 10 years. Like 80 percent of migrant workers in China, Zhang is under 35 and works in the service industry, which along with construction and manufacturing employs most migrant workers. But his story, told in the UNFPA's youth supplement, is atypical. Although most workers have only a middle school education, Zhang finished high school and attended business school in Tianjin. His salary is much higher than the average worker's 500 to 800 yuan (US to 5; euro48 to euro78) a month, according to Duan Chengrong, a demographics professor at Renmin University. In comparison, a typical Beijing urbanite makes about 2,000 yuan (US0; euro193) a month. Migrant workers generally cram themselves into rented housing on the outskirts of town, with an average of five square meters (50 square feet) of living space per person and no heat, running water or sanitation facilities, Duan said. At many construction sites, the workers lodge in ramshackle dormitories, or even in tents pitched on a nearby sidewalk. China's government has taken measures to "avoid the emergence of urban slums and the transformation of rural poor to urban poor," said Hou Yan, deputy director of the social development department in China's Development and Reform Commission. She mentioned programs such as establishing a minimum living standard, providing medical and educational assistance, and supplying affordable housing and basic public services. Hou did not give details of the programs. China's urbanization is unique in that it stems largely from migration instead of natural population growth. The Communist government that took control in 1949 imposed residency rules as part of strict controls on where people could live, work or even whom they could marry. It was not until recent years that rising wealth and greater personal freedoms eroded the system, allowing farmers to move to cities. The UNFPA estimates that, in less than a decade, China will have 83 cities of more than 750,000 people. Zhang, who spoke at the news conference where the UNFPA report was released, believes cities are the future of China. Before taking the job at the karaoke club, he made money teaching Chinese to foreign students, selling phone cards and running a copy shop. "In order to get employed, what is most important is to be diligent," he said. "Only when you work hard can you get good results."

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The State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) yesterday outlined its plan to significantly reduce air and water pollution this year.It aims to cut up to 2.3 million tons of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and 1.3 million tons of chemical oxygen demand (COD), a measure used in the monitoring of pollution.SEPA director Zhou Shengxian said yesterday in Beijing that this year's targets are to reduce SO2 by 6 percent and COD by 5 percent based on their 2005 levels, which serve as the base for the environmental goals of the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-10).By 2010, the plan is to reduce both SO2 and COD levels by 10 percent, based on 2005 figures."Industrial restructuring will play a fundamental role in curbing pollution," Zhou said.He said more high energy consuming and high polluting power plants will be shut down this year, including a number of small-sale thermal power plants with a combined output of 13 gigawatts, steel plants with a total capacity of 6 million tons, cement plants with a combined output of 50 million tons, iron production facilities with a total capacity of 14 million tons, and papermaking factories producing a combined 1 million tons."This phase-out plan, if achieved by the end of this year, will help China reduce its emissions of SO2 by 600,000 tons and cut the COD by 400,000 tons," Zhou said.Key eco-friendly projects will also be implemented, Zhou said.The country's urban wastewater treatment capacity is to be increased by 12 million tons a day, which will cut COD by 600,000 tons.In addition, industries will be required to strengthen their wastewater treatment capacities and will be expected to decrease COD by 200,000 tons a year.In terms of air pollution, the use of sulfur scrubbers to clean emissions will be emphasized.New thermal power generation units with a combined capacity of 30 gigawatts will be installed with sulfur removal capabilities, which is expected to reduce SO2 emissions by 1.5 million tons.Measures taken by the central government and environmental agencies last year also saw progress being made in the green battle.The density of COD in water resources was 6.5 mg per liter, down 7 percent on 2006.A reduction in SO2 emissions also saw the area of land affected by acid rain shrink by 100,000 sq km.The number of blue-sky days with good air quality was also up on the previous year.However, the fight against pollution is far from over, Zhou said.SEPA figures showed that last year, the quality of more than 26 percent of water runoff was worse than grade V - a level unfit for human contact.The air quality in cities on more than 100 days was below grade II, the level at which it is considered healthy for humans.

SHANGHAI -- China will launch its first Mars probe in October 2009 as part of a joint mission with Russia, said sources with the Shanghai Space Administration, the main developer of the probe, on Monday. Researchers are "pressing ahead" with the project for a synchronized launching with a Russian probe, said Chen Changya, a researcher with the Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, at a space technology exhibition. He said the home-developed Chinese probe is scheduled for completion by June 2009. The probe, 75 centimeters long, 75 centimeters wide, 60 centimeters high and weighing 110 kilograms, is designed to be able to serve a two-year mission, according to Chen. Its model is on display at the exhibition. The Chinese probe, with Russia's Phobos-Grunt, will be launched by a Russian carrier rocket, Chen said. They are expected to land on Mars in 2010 after 10 month's flight.

BEIJING - China's top legislature on Sunday started to read draft amendment to the Law on Lawyer which aims to make lawyers easier to meet criminal suspects, obtain evidences, improve their moral standards and allow them to open individual law firms. The draft amendment to the Law on Lawyer was on Sunday submitted to the six-day 28th session of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), or China's top legislature, for the first reading.

喀什治疗勃起障碍办法

International community should work together to support a "fast and smooth" implementation of the newly-announced agreement on sending hybrid peacekeeping troop to Sudan's Darfur region, China's special representative for Darfur Liu Guijin said on Friday. Meanwhile, political process with all parties involved should continue in order to help restore a lasting peace in that troubled area, he said after discussions with South African Deputy Foreign Minister Aziz Pahad and other foreign ministry officials in the South African capital on Friday. South Africa is part of Liu's trip to Africa for consultations after the Sudanese government on Tuesday accepted the deployment of a hybrid African Union-United Nations force of between 17,000 to 19,000 troops in Darfur. Liu said both Chinese and South African governments welcomed the decision, which was announced after a closed-door meeting of the UN, AU and the Sudanese government in Adis Ababa, Ethiopia, early this week. "China and South Africa hold similar view with regard to the Darfur issue... We need to give encouragement to the flexible attitude demonstrated in the recent meeting in Addis Ababa," Liu told a media briefing. The newly-appointed Chinese envoy, who made a fact-finding trip to Darfur last month, said this was achieved thanks to efforts of the international community. "Now the Sudanese government has responded positively," he said. The deployment of the hybrid peacekeeping troop is the final part of a three-phase support plan, also known as the Annan plan as it was put forward by former UN secretary-general Kofi Annan, with aims to end armed conflicts in Darfur. The AU, the UN and the Sudanese government agreed last November on the plan. With the first phase of the plan already underway, Sudan announced on April 16 that it approved the inauguration of the second phase, which involves the deployment of 3,000 UN troops and six attack helicopters in Darfur to support the 7,800-strong African force, as well as preparation for the next phase. The Sudanese government has been accused by the United States of delaying the deployment of the hybrid force. But Khartoum strongly requested that the joint force must be predominantly African one. Liu said the international community should now concentrate on how to support the deployment of the hybrid peacekeeping troop. He said China, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, has been closely cooperating with the UN, AU and the Sudanese government on the Darfur issue, including the commitment to send 275 engineering troops to Darfur to support the second phase of the Annan plan, as well as 10 million U.S. dollars and other humanitarian support to Darfur. "We have been playing a role of bridge... We have been trying to give advice and to persuade Sudan to be more flexible to accept the UN plan," he said. Liu said he would also hold consultations with the AU Commission Chairman Alpha Oumar Konare in Addis Ababa, with officials of the Arab League during his visit to Egypt, and make another visit to Sudan. Liu said China opposed the move to put sanctions, which the United States threatened to use on Khartoum. "We do not need to rush to put more sanctions," he said. "It's not a proper time now. Peace has a future. We need to work together, make efforts and help with the newly deployed AU-UN hybrid operation." The Chinese diplomat also shrugged off the accusation on China' s failure to exert pressures on Khartoum, allegedly due to China's oil interest in Sudan. "Pressure cannot solve anything," he said. "No matter how many troops you send, without a political presence and cooperation of the government, we cannot find a long-lasting solution." "I think up to now we have been quite successful," he said. He said China's normal ties with Sudan have been "unnecessarily politicalized," which were "unfair and irrational." He said China will continue to be actively involved in projects, such as water-supply and establishing agriculture technology demonstration centers in Sudan, to help Sudan realize social and economic development, which "we regard as the root cause of the armed conflicts and humanitarian crisis."

View of a steel-making factory on the outskirts of Shanghai February 1, 2007. [Reuters] New export taxes on polluting and energy intensive industries will help reshape how China's economy grows, but alone are not enough to resolve its trade imbalances with the United States, a top Commerce official said on Sunday. Beijing said last week it would impose or increase taxes on a range of metal exports in an effort to control shipments of high-energy products and ease its huge trade surplus. "You cannot expect to resolve the trade balance by simply curbing export patterns," Vice Commerce Minister Gao Hucheng said on the sidelines of a conference when asked about the changes. "These products make up a relatively small portion of exports. But the point is that this reflects changes in trade and economic growth, which will have advantages in the short term and even greater significance in the long term." The announcement of the tax changes came ahead of a "strategic economic dialogue" in Washington between high-level U.S. and Chinese officials at which China's huge trade surplus was a major bone of contention. But the high-level economic talks failed to ease trade rifts between the two economic giants, risking rising tensions ahead of the race for the U.S. presidency. Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi and a delegation of ministers left the U.S. capital on Friday, after days of talks that made modest advances but were overshadowed by a lack of concrete progress on the key issue of China's currency. From June 1, China will impose a tax of between 5 and 10 percent on exports of over 80 types of steel products, a bone of contention with both the United States and Europe. Exports would not slow down much this year since most contracts had been signed already, but next year could see a big fall-off, said Li Xinchuang, vice-president of the China Metallurgical Industry and Research Institute.

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Across the country, something strange is happening. Bookstores are opening for business at 7 o'clock this morning, two hours earlier than usual. The reason: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the eagerly awaited seventh and final installment, is due out today. And like children around the world, Chinese youngsters can't wait to start reading it, which is certain to make the Harry Potter series the best-selling foreign language books in the country's history. "Never has an English language book attracted such great attention as Harry Potter," said Liang Jianrui, vice-president of the China National Publications Import and Export Corporation, China's largest foreign book trader. The company has imported 50,000 copies of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, or about half of the total imports of the books in China. The figure is in sharp contrast with the company's imports of one of the New York Times bestsellers of about 100 copies. The hardback book, available at retailers, 800 newspaper vendors in Beijing and online book retailers, has US and UK versions. The two versions are slightly different in terms of layout and illustrations, Liang said. The popularity of the Harry Potter books in English has been a result of Chinese people's improved English skills and more frequent cultural exchanges in recent years. "We didn't create the demand," said Liang. "The demand creates this miracle." "All of our stock has been preordered by retailers. The book will hit a record." The UK version is priced at 208 yuan and the US one at 218 yuan (.60), which is lower than 17.99 pounds in the United Kingdom and .99 in the United States. The books arrived in Beijing on July, where they have been stored in boxes reading, "Don't open until July 21". "It is fantastic and exciting to know that Chinese readers are interested in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows," said Lucy Holden, head of Children's Publicity at Bloomsbury, the book's British publisher. "There is huge excitement about the book. I hope readers in China will enjoy reading it," she told China Daily in telephone interview.

Clashes erupt between members of the ethnic Chinese community and Italian riot police in Milan April 12, 2007. [Reuters]China has made representations to the Italian government after at least 10 Chinese nationals were injured during a clash with local riot police in Milan on Thursday, the Foreign Ministry said on Friday. "We hope the Italian side deals fairly with the issue and seriously considers the justified demands of local Chinese nationals and takes real measures to protect their legitimate rights and interests," a statement on the ministry's website said. The conflict was sparked by a dispute over parking between a local Chinese woman and a police officer. The woman was detained after the argument turned into a physical clash, according to the Foreign Ministry. The situation escalated when hundreds of local Chinese protested over the detention of the woman, which led to the conflict. Of the Chinese nationals injured in the clash, five have been released from hospital after treatment, the ministry said. The scuffle broke out in the city's busy Chinatown area. Protesters reportedly threw plastic bottles and rubbish bins at police armed with batons. "It is not right for a violation of road regulations to cause this," Milan's mayor Letizia Moratti was quoted as saying. "This cannot be justified." Protesters complained about the police violence, with some saying one of the demonstrators had been pistol whipped. The ministry said in the statement that the situation had eased.