邓小平协商民主思想及当代价值

古典诗歌的读书笔记

Yichang - Construction of a tunnel under the Yangtze River that will form part of a gas pipeline project running from Sichuan Province to Shanghai was completed Monday.The 1.4-km, 3.08-m diameter tunnel sits 20 m beneath the riverbed and connects two wells on either side of the river in Yichang city, Hubei Province, Liu Juzheng, head of the Hubei section of the pipeline, said.With a total length of 2,203 km, the pipeline will serve as an "energy artery" as part of the West-East gas project, Liu said.The pipeline is expected to channel 12.1 billion cu m of natural gas a year from the Puguang field in Sichuan to central and eastern regions of the country, including Chongqing Municipality, the provinces of Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Shanghai Municipality.The tunnel, which took 325 days to complete, is the first of five to be built under the Yangtze.Industry experts say the new pipeline, which will cost 62.7 billion yuan (.4 billion) to build, will provide an opportunity to develop western regions based on their rich natural resources.Chen Deming, vice-minister of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), said the pipeline will be completed in late 2010 and the gas it transports will help reduce carbon dioxide emissions by tens of millions of tons a year.Figures from the China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec) put Puguang's proven reserves at 356.1 billion cu m. The country has total proven natural gas reserves of about 2.66 trillion cu m.The government has been promoting the use of natural gas to improve energy efficiency and reduce air pollution.Under an NDRC proposal on natural gas development, the government plans to increase the natural gas pipeline network to 44,000 km by 2010 to meet demand.Although China's natural gas output will reach 94 billion cu m in 2010, up from 58.6 billion in 2006, an additional 16 billion cu m a year will still have to be imported to meet demand, Sinopec said.In Shanghai, demand for natural gas soared from 4 million cu m in 2003 to 1.9 billion in 2005.In 2004, China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC) opened its West-East gas pipeline, which runs more than 4,000 km and channels 1.2 billion cu m of gas a year to Shanghai from the Tarim Basin in the country's westernmost region of Xinjiang.CNPC is to build a second West-East pipeline to carry gas imported from central Asia to the Pearl and Yangtze river deltas. Construction will begin next year with the line, which is designed to carry 30 billion cu m a year, becoming operational in 2010.

Farmers from Taiwan looking to establish a business on the mainland can now benefit from a range of preferential policies, an official with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce said Wednesday.Pan Haimin said those who want to set up in one of the cross-Straits agricultural cooperation experimental zones or business incubator parks for farmers, can now apply direct to the appropriate county or city administration for industry and commerce.Speaking at a press conference held by the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, he said compared to the general policy on registering Taiwan companies, the system for farmers is extremely simple."Local administrations will approve qualified applicants without them having to get approval from overseas fund administrations on the mainland," Pan said."Also, the new policies have no minimum registered capital requirements," he said.Other Taiwan-based companies seeking to open on the mainland must first get approval from the overseas fund administrations and there are requirements for minimum registered capital, he said.According to the policies, which will go into effect on Saturday, farmers can engage in planting, aquatic breeding, animal and poultry farming, agricultural product processing, export and import of agricultural products, and exchanges and promotion of agricultural technology.Currently, 11 provinces have established cross-Straits agricultural cooperation experimental zones and four provinces and municipalities have set up business incubator parks for Taiwan farmers.Pan said the local administrations of commerce and industry will offer free consultations on the new policies and people can also log on to the website of the state administration www.saic.gov.cn for more information.Also at yesterday's press conference, Fan Liqing, spokeswoman for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, urged the Japanese government to deal with the release of German Mark bonds held by Taiwan residents more quickly and with greater effort.Fan said the Japanese government is responsible for paying back the bonds that were issued in the 1920s.In 1923, many Taiwan residents were forced by the then Japanese colonial government on the island to buy the bonds, which promised to pay back the principal sums with interest in 50 years' time, Fan said.She said representatives of the Chinese Foreign Ministry met recently with officials from the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and insisted Japan pay back the bonds.Xinhua

DALLAS -- Several leading US airlines have asked federal regulators for the right to operate new nonstop flights between the United States and China beginning in March 2009.American, the largest US carrier, said it applied Monday for a route from Chicago's O'Hare Airport to Beijing. A similar bid failed several months ago, partly because American's management and pilots couldn't agree on work rules for the flights.Continental applied Monday to fly between Newark, N.J., and Shanghai. The Houston-based airline said its flights would serve the financial hub of New York and a large Chinese-American population in the area. US Airways said it is seeking to offer nonstop service between its Philadelphia hub and Beijing, China. Delta Air Lines Inc. asked to fly from Atlanta to Beijing and Shanghai; and Northwest Airlines Corp. filed to offer service between Detroit and the same two Chinese cities. UAL Corp.'s United Airlines proposed to fly between San Francisco and Guangzhou starting in 2008, and between Los Angeles and Shanghai in 2009. Air service between the two countries is restricted by agreements between the two governments. US airlines eager to tap the growing Chinese market must apply to the Department of Transportation for new routes. In the competition for Chinese routes, US airlines gather support from politicians and customers to sell their proposals to federal regulators. For example, American, a unit of Fort Worth-based AMR Corp., boasted support from four US senators and three governors. Schwarzenegger favors proposal for non-stop flights to China California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said Tuesday that he favored a proposal for non-stop air services to China from two major Californian cities. Schwarzenegger made the remarks after United Airlines submitted an application to the US Department of Transportation Monday to add daily, non-stop services from San Francisco and Los Angeles to China in 2008 and 2009. "China's more than 1 billion citizens represent an important market for Californian products and services," Schwarzenegger said in a statement e-mailed to Xinhua. "United Airlines' proposal to add a daily, non-stop service between our state and China is a great opportunity to promote California tourism and pump up our state's economy," said the governor. "Direct flights between California and China will only have a positive impact on our state and I look forward to working with United Airlines in the future as we continue to strengthen our economic ties with this important Pacific Rim partner," he added. United Airlines' application proposes a non-stop service between San Francisco and Guangzhou in 2008, and a daily non-stop service between Los Angeles and Shanghai in 2009. In 2006, exports from California to China totaled almost 10 billion dollars, up from 5.5 billion dollars in 2003 when the governor took office, according to the statement. California is the number one US state in terms of total exports to China and the top exports include computers and electronic products, waste and scrap materials, transportation equipment and heavy machinery.

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BEIJING, March 10 (Xinhua) -- The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planning agency, said on Monday the country's combined edible vegetable oil consumption stood at 23 million tons in 2007, 2 million tons more than a year earlier.     The country's total market supply last year reached 23.8 million tons, according to a statement on the NDRC website.     The NDRC said the current demand and supply of edible vegetable oil on the domestic market were balanced and could meet citizens' needs.     However, the NDRC and the State Grain Administration (SGA) called on their local branches to endeavor to maintain stable market supply as international soybean and edible oil prices had risen sharply recently.     The NDRC and the SGA ordered their local branches to accentuate the importance that the import of soybeans and edible vegetable oil would not be disrupted.     Two-thirds of edible oil materials in China, the largest global consumer, relies on imports. According to General Administration of Customs statistics, imports of edible oil and soybean reached 8.38 million tons and 30.82 million tons, respectively, last year, up 1.69 million tons and 2.58 million tons year on year.     The NDRC also asked local governments to track the inventory and price of edible oil price in real time and make efforts to maintain a sound market order.

The four-day Beijing air quality exercise held earlier in the month was met with mixed reaction.Diverse opinions were expressed by private car owners and public transport users.During the four days, cars bearing odd and even license plates were allowed on the roads on alternate days to see what effect this would have on the reduction of air pollution.According to a survey by Beijing Youth Daily, 61.9 percent of car owners opposed the practice in a long run while 78.2 percent of public transport users lauded it. The survey covered 3,000 residents.On the positive side, the exercise between August 17 and 20, showed a reduction in haze and smoother traffic flow.On the negative side, it has sparked further debate on the number of vehicles in the capital. About 1,000 new cars are registered every day in the city.Car owners argued that smoother traffic comes at the expense of individuals' convenience."Does being a car owner mean you have limited rights? That would be cruel and inhuman," Wang Hongsheng, head of the Volkswagen Polo club in Beijing, said.Fifty-seven percent of car owners shared his opinion.Among non-drivers, 21.9 percent did not think the even-odd plate exercise was a reasonable, scientific way to gauge air quality."It is an arbitrary way of stripping car owners of their rights. They pay for the convenience," a respondent said.Apart from the purchase price, the cost of owning a car in Beijing ranges from 10,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan (,300 to ,900) a year, he said.The survey also showed 36 percent of car owners were in favor of "public transport if managed well"."People are fed up with the poor condition of buses, and the metro where people are packed like sardines," another said.On options to improve traffic conditions, 49.9 percent said efficiency and lowering public transport fares should top the government's agenda instead of restricting car-ownership.Twenty-six percent of respondents said more roads and bridges should be built to reduce congestion, 14.5 percent were in favor of more flexible parking fees in relation to localities, and 9.5 percent said the use of bicycles, and walking should be promoted.

GUANGZHOU: Doctors in this city have developed a new birth control surgery for men that could be made available to the public starting next year.The method involves making a small incision along the testicle. Doctors then place a tiny tube, about the size of a match, into the opening.The tube functions as a filter that blocks sperm, Wu Weixiong, the director of Guangzhou Family Planning Technology Center, said.The surgery has already been patented, and the health department will promote it as soon as it is approved by the National Food and Drug Administration, Zhu Jiaming, the vice-president of the Guangzhou Sexology Association, said.He expects approval to be granted by next year."The success rate for this form of birth control is 97 percent," he said.The tube can be removed without negatively affecting a man's sexual health, he said.Wu said the operation takes just 10 minutes. However, it is very difficult and requires highly skilled doctors.He said only a few hospitals have the staff and facilities necessary to carry out the procedure. However, training courses will soon be made available to local doctors.Wu said he believed enough facilities and manpower would be available to handle the demand for such operations by the time the procedure is officially approved."The success rate of the operation is almost 100 percent," Duan Jianhua, an official of Guangzhou population and family planning commission, said.Research on the operation started four years ago in Beijing. It was led by the science and technology institute of the National Population and Family Planning Commission and Guangzhou family planning science and technology institute.Wu said the technique was developed through more than 1,600 clinical trials all over the country. More than 500 men in Qingyuan, a city in Guangdong Province, have already had the operation. All the trials were successful and none of the subjects has experienced any side effects.Zhu Jiaming said the operation costs just a few thousand yuan, which is affordable for most people in China."When the technique is available, couples will have one more option for birth control, and married women do not have to install an intrauterine device (IUD) anymore," Zhu said.The public seems ready."I welcome this technique. It makes me feel women are more respected by society than before," Liu Jun, a woman in Guangzhou, said.A survey by the Guangzhou-based New Express Daily found that about 60 percent of Guangzhou residents welcomed the surgery and supported its promotion.

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BEIJING -- China's first lunar probe Chang'e-1 will fly to the moon orbit with no more orbital corrections, a scientist told Xinhua on Saturday.Tang Geshi, a scientist with the Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC), said that the center will order the satellite to apply the first break at about 10:00 on Monday with no more planned orbital corrections.BACC carried out an orbital correction of Chang'e-1 on Friday, about nine days after its launch. "The correction has made the satellite run accurately in the transforming orbit heading to the moon, and another correction planned on November 4 will be unnecessary," Tang said.The Chang'e-1 lunar probe has been flying at a speed of 500-meter per second to the space where the moon's gravity could capture it.It has completed four orbital transforms and one halfway correction and is expected to enter the moon orbit on November 5.China's first lunar probe, Chang'e-1, named after a fairy-tale Chinese goddess who flew to the moon, blasted off on a Long March 3A carrier rocket on Oct. 24 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwestern Sichuan Province. 

The country's fast-developing tourism industry is expected to boost the hotel sector, a senior official has said.About 200,000 new hotels, resorts and guesthouses are likely to be built by 2015, head of China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) Shao Qiwei said on Thursday.Addressing a seminar on domestic and international hotels' groups, he said the new structures will include about 10,000 star-rated hotels. The number of five-star hotels in the country is expected to rise from 361 to 500."The World Tourism Organization has forecast that China will grow into a huge tourism market, and have 100 million each of inbound and outbound visitors and 2.8 billion domestic tourists by 2015," he said.The booming tourism market has created the need for new hotels and other infrastructure facilities, he said.The Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts plan to open five new facilities in the country this year, and at least 13 more in big cities such Beijing, Shanghai and Xi'an in the near future, the general manager of Traders Hotel at China World Trade Center in Beijing, Xin Tao, said.In fact, the group plans to open at least 40 new hotels in the country by 2011."The Olympic Games has brought us unlimited business opportunities and the increase of leisure, as well as business, travel in China will add to the appeal of hotel operators," she said.Investment from home and abroad into hotels will hit 340 billion yuan (.14 billion) between 2006 and 2010, the CNTA has forecast.The hotel sector was one of the first to be opened up in China, with Jianguo Hotel in Beijing being the first foreign-invested hotel to be approved by the State Council in 1979.Since then, 67 hotel brands of 41 international groups have entered the country and are managing 516 hotels at present, according to CNTA statistics.The hotel business has been expanding over the past three decades, and by the end of last year there were more than 14,000 star-rated hotels, 100 times more than in 1978.

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BEIJING, March 27 (Xinhua) -- China's economy would moderate but remain robust in 2008 with a growth rate of 10.7 percent, providing a cushion against the expected international downturn, according to a forecast issued by the United Nations commission here on Thursday.     "Investment continues to be the main driver of growth, remaining resilient despite government cooling measures and with support from low real interest rates," said a report released by the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP).     "A slowdown in exports and the country's efforts to cool the economy are the main reasons for the moderation," it said.     Other factors expected to underpin China's growth include domestic demand, increasing spending power of rural consumers and rising consumption through higher government spending on social welfare.     Official statistics show China's gross domestic product growth accelerated to 11.4 percent in 2007, the fastest for 13 years.     The report said the U.S. sub-prime mortgage crisis is not expected to have a strong impact on growth in China.     "In a worst case scenario where the U.S. economy goes into recession, the impact on China will not be as great as on other Asia-Pacific countries. Due to its blistering pace, China's growth will remain resilient, but will slow," said Shuvojit Banerjee, a senior expert with the UNESCAP.     According to the report, China's increasing exports to the European Union are expected to compensate for a steady fall in exports to the United States, China's second largest export market. China has also witnessed a boom in trade with Africa.     It said Chinese and other Asia-Pacific investors are playing a key role in supporting developed countries through the turmoil. Sovereign wealth funds and state investment institutions from the region have bolstered weakened banking sectors in the United States and the Europe.     The report said China is facing an increasing challenge from inflation. The chief inflationary concerns lie in higher international oil and food prices. "Rising food prices are a bigger inflationary concern than oil prices because food accounts for a far higher proportion of consumer spending. Food price inflation particularly hits low income households."     The report also warned that the fast growth is coming at an increasing cost to the environment. It said the destabilizing effect of growth on the environment is becoming more apparent. Air pollution, especially in large cities, is increasing the incidence of lung disease.

China has launched a campaign to persuade more women to breast feed, worried that Chinese babies' development lags developed countries because they are not fed properly in their first months of life. The government is also worried about the growing use of powdered baby milk formula -- which many Chinese believe is more "modern" and better for the baby -- especially after 13 babies died of malnutrition in 2004 from being fed fake formula. "Breast milk is a necessary and ideal food for a baby, and the nutrients it contains are the most suitable for the baby's digestion and nourishment," the Health Ministry said on Wednesday in a statement on its Web site (www.moh.gov.cn). "For mothers, breast feeding is beneficial to post-partum recuperation," it added, without saying what the breast-feeding rate was in China. Chinese babies put on less weight in their first six months than babies in developed countries, the ministry said. "The main reason is parents lack scientific knowledge about feeding," it said, adding that problems caused by poor baby nutrition might include mental retardation. There was a particular problem in the countryside, where parents did not know when or how to best start introducing solid food to babies or how to balance their nutritional requirements, the ministry said. The government would spend more time promoting breast feeding and providing information as well as enforcing a ban on baby milk formula being sold or advertised in hospitals, it said. Studies around the world have shown that breast-feeding has many advantages for children including reducing infections, respiratory illnesses and diarrhea. Other studies have shown that babies who are breast-fed for the first six months of life grow better without getting too fat.