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HANGZHOU, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States said Thursday they would not stage any new trade protection measures against each other, a significant step which lays the groundwork for the presidential summit next month.     "Both sides agreed on not introducing any new trade protection measures against each other as both vowed to oppose trade and investment protectionism and observe the related consensus of the G20 summit," Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming said later Thursday. Delegates attending the 20th China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) pose for a group photo in Hangzhou, capital of east China's Zhejiang Province, Oct. 29, 2009. China and the United States on Thursday started their annual trade talks in Hangzhou. Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan co-chaired the meeting with Commerce Secretary Gary Locke and Trade Representative Ron Kirk of the United States. The JCCT began in 1983 as a platform for both countries to promote trade and address issues of mutual concernChen made the remarks at the end of the 20th China-U.S. Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) talks in China's eastern city of Hangzhou.     The comments also came at a time of increasing China-U.S. trade disputes in the past months, involving Chinese tires, cement products, U.S. poultry and others.     "The pledge is significant as it shows both countries' determination to dump punitive measures against each other and instead seek common prosperity," Niu Xinchun, a research fellow with China Contemporary International Studies Institute, told Xinhua.     "As influential powers, China and the United States should stand firmly against all types of trade protectionism, promote both countries' economies and help lift the world out of recession," Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan told the opening session of the JCCT Thursday noon.     Wang co-chaired the 20th JCCT talks with U.S. Commerce Secretary Gary Locke and U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk in a lakeside garden compound in the capital of east China's Zhejiang province.     Locke highlighted the significance of this year's talks, saying it is the first JCCT meeting of President Obama's administration and comes a few weeks ahead of President Obama's first visit to China.     Wang said President Obama's visit in mid November will "provide new opportunities for China-U.S. cooperation."     "In a spirit of candor and understanding, hopefully both sides will discuss issues of mutual concern and achieve fruitful results at today's JCCT meeting," Wang said.     "It is critical that we make definite, concrete, demonstrable progress today to demonstrate that U.S. and China can work together to achieve results from the JCCT," Locke said.     Later Thursday, the U.S. commerce chief lauded the one-day JCCT talks as "successful," as both sides "made very significant progress on a number of issues."     Locke said China will drop a requirement that most of the components of wind power-related equipment be made in China.     "The United States agreed to delete some articles in its bill which limited China's poultry exports for six years," Chinese Minister of Agriculture Sun Zhengcai said in response to a Xinhua's question.     In return, China will resume imports of pork products from the A/H1N1 flu-hit areas in the United States, Sun said.     As for trade imbalance, China's commerce chief said both sides agreed at the JCCT talks that the solution was not to limit China's exports to the United States, but strike a balance by aggressively boosting bilateral trade.

BEIJING, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang's upcoming visit to three nations would help advance bilateral relations between China and the three nations, said a senior official here on Monday.     "The visit will cement and promote our political mutual trust and traditional friendship," Chinese Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei told Xinhua.     Li will pay an official visit to Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea from Oct. 29 to Nov. 5 at the invitation of governments of the three countries.     "This is an important visit paid recently by Chinese leader to the south Pacific region," He said, noting that the three governments attached great importance to the visit.     During the visit, Li will meet with the leaders of the three nations, attend the signing ceremony of bilateral agreements and make extensive contacts with officials of local governments, businessmen and peoples from all circles, according to He.     The visit would help promote friendly exchanges and pragmatic cooperation between China and the three countries in trade, energy, resources, science, education and other fields, and strengthen bilateral coordination in international and regional affairs, he noted.     Hailing the considerable progress in recent years, He said the Chinese government had always attached great importance to developing friendly and cooperative relations with the three countries.     "We always grasp the development direction of bilateral relations from a strategic and long-term perspective, adhere to the five principles of peaceful co-existence, and stick to the spirit of mutual benefit to strengthen our dialogue and cooperation," He noted.     "Seeking peace, development and cooperation is our common voice," He said, noting that in many ways, China's relations with the three countries faced a huge potential and rare opportunity for development.     He also provided detailed statistics to show the growth of bilateral relations, saying that economies of China and the three nations were highly complementary.     Australia is China's eighth largest trading partner and an important supplier of energy resources. Bilateral trade volume with Australia in 2008 reached 59.66 billion U.S. dollars.     New Zealand is the first developed country which signed and implemented the bilateral free trade agreement with China. Both Australia and New Zealand recognized China's full market economy status.     Papua New Guinea for many years is China's largest trading partner and investment destination in the Pacific island region.     According to incomplete statistics, at present, there are 130,000 Chinese students studying in Australia, and about 34,870 studying in New Zealand. The people-to-people exchanges between China and Papua New Guinea is also very active.     "Facts show that the development of the relationship between China and these countries has a solid foundation, and accords with the common interests of both sides," He noted.

BEIJING, Dec. 23 (Xinhua) -- China's Supreme People's Court (SPC) on Wednesday published two regulations, pledging to improve media supervision and public access to the courts' case filing, trial, hearing and law enforcement process, as well as to the verdict documents and court affairs.     The two regulations were aimed to improve judicial democracy, ensure judicial justice, and protect the legitimate rights of the litigants and defendants involved, said Sun Jungong, spokesman of the SPC, during a press conference.     According to the regulations, people involved in lawsuits would have access to all relevant information when filing a lawsuit, and would be kept informed of important information during the law enforcement process.     In open-trial cases, the public and journalists could attend the trials after safety checks.     The courts' verdict documents would be published online if they did not include state secrets, teenage criminal records, personal privacy or other contents inappropriate for publication, while the courts' affairs would also be made public.     Meanwhile, the regulations said journalists might face criminal charges if they disclose state or business secrets, impair national and social interests, distort facts when covering on-going trials, violate the reputation rights of judges or people involved in lawsuits, or conduct any other activities that may harm judicial justice.

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BEIJING, Dec. 16 -- Premier Wen Jiabao will leave for Copenhagen this afternoon, hoping to help seal a fair and effective climate change deal for the planet and secure China's emission rights.     Wen will join world leaders, including US President Barack Obama, at the United Nations climate change conference in Oslo for its crucial last two days. Foreign Ministry spokesperson Jiang Yu Tuesday said he is likely to meet state leaders from India, Brazil and South Africa, among others.     "China, as a developing country, will make its due contribution to the UN conference," said Jiang.     It is not yet known whether Wen and Obama will meet on the fringes of the conference but he has worked the phones relentlessly in the past 10 days, calling as many as 10 world leaders and UN chief Ban Ki-moon in an attempt to secure a workable agreement.     Chinese officials have also had important meetings in recent days with negotiators from many countries, including representatives from the United Kingdom and Germany.     But during the past 10 days, China and the US have not held any official meetings at any level in respect to climate change.     If Wen and Obama do get the chance to meet, they will likely have lots to talk about - the US recently urged China to accept a binding carbon reduction target and said it will not provide financial support to Beijing for climate initiatives.     China, meanwhile, called on the US to set a more ambitious target for emissions reduction after Washington promised to cut them by around 4 percent by 2020 from the 1990 base. Developing countries had urged the US and wealthy countries to slash emissions by 40 percent.     Experts have called on the US and China to narrow their differences in a bid to ensure the conference is a success.     Experts played down the likelihood of the world achieving an ambitious global treaty in Copenhagen but said Wen will defend China's status as a developing country and protect its right to economic expansion in the future.     Jiang said the summit has seen both conflicts and achievements.     She said the main stumbling block to real progress has been the reluctance of developed nations to hand over funding and technical support to developing nations that they promised in earlier agreements.     "If they abandon the principles of the Bali Road Map and the Kyoto Protocol, it will have a negative impact and hamper the conference," Jiang said.     She added that China supports the contention that some smaller developing island countries and African countries are in the most urgent need of funding support and should get help first.     But the spokesperson stressed that developed countries have a legal obligation to help all developing countries.     Huang Shengchu, president of the China Coal Information Institute, said the fact that Wen will be in Copenhagen shows the determination of the Chinese government to secure a good deal.     Zhang Haibin, an environmental politics professor at Peking University, said the presence of leaders such as Wen will inject hope that a deal can be found.     "It demonstrates the leaders' will to take up the responsibility to rescue the whole of human kind," said Zhang. "However, because of the nature of world politics, the chances of reaching an effective and ambitious agreement, in the end, are slim."     John Sayer, director of Oxfam Hong Kong, said many developing countries, including China, India, Brazil and South Africa, have voluntarily offered to cut emissions. China recently said it will reduce its carbon intensity by between 40 and 45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 base level.     However, as Zhang pointed out, some US experts, instead of welcoming such offers, have called on China to let international organizations verify that emissions are indeed falling.     Daniel Dudek, chief economist with the US Environmental Defense Fund, said the world seems to be unsure about whether China is serious about cutting emissions and achieving a good post-Kyoto deal.     "I think that people want to be reassured that China wants to achieve an agreement at Copenhagen and that China values moving forward on climate change more than winning its negotiating positions," he said.

BEIJING, Oct. 26 -- Delegations from more than 84 countries and regions will participate the ITD conference Monday, and a host of international experts from governments, the private sector and academia will make presentations and lead discussions on this important topic.     The ITD is a cooperative venture formed in 2002 and comprised of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the European Commission and the UK Department for International Development.     Its purpose is to foster dialogue on important topics in tax policy and administration and to function as a disseminator and repository of information on matters of interest in taxation around the world, through its website, www.itdweb.org.     The IMF attaches great importance to its role as a founding member of the ITD. Recent events in the world economy have made even clearer the necessity of international cooperation and sharing experience in economic matters, and this is the very purpose, which the ITD serves.     The topic of this conference is a timely and critical one. The world has been reminded recently and forcefully of the great importance of the financial sector for macroeconomic stability, growth, and development goals. The sector plays a critical intermediating function - without it credit could not exist, capital could not be channeled to useful purposes and risks could not be managed.     The conference will take place against the background of the worst financial and economic crisis to strike the world in three generations, and, while taxation was not itself the cause of the crisis, elements of the tax system are relevant to its background and resolution.     Most tax systems embody incentives for corporations, financial institutions and in some cases individuals to use debt rather than equity finance.     This is likely to have contributed to the crisis by leading to higher levels of debt than would otherwise have existed - even though there were no obvious tax changes that would explain rapid increases in debt. Tax distortions may also have encouraged the development of complex and opaque financial instruments and structures, including through extensive use of low-tax jurisdictions - which in turn contributed to the difficulty of identifying true levels of risk.     The magnitude of the fiscal challenges facing the world economy is greater than at any other time since World War II.     Estimates done by IMF staff on the fiscal adjustment necessary to bring government debt-to-GDP ratios down to 60 percent by 2030 - over 20 years hence - show a gap in the cyclically adjusted primary balances of some 8 percentage points of GDP in advanced economies to be closed between 2010 and 2020.     This cannot all be accomplished by expenditure reduction. New, or increased, sources of revenue will need to be found, on average perhaps 3 percentage points of GDP. While improvements in compliance and administration could account for some of that gap, it will be necessary to adjust tax policies to a degree not hitherto seen on a wide scale.     Although the world economy remains weak with downside risks and much hardship remain, signs of improvement are thankfully now visible.     This is an opportune juncture, therefore, to begin the work of planning countries' exits from the deteriorated fiscal positions developed in response to the crisis, and to give thought to questions raised by the performance of the financial sector in triggering the crisis.     What role can better tax policies and administration play in preventing a recurrence of this costly episode in economic history?     The financial sector has been, and must continue to be, a critical link in the development of the world's economies. The sector has played a key role in accelerating the development of the emerging markets - many of which, prior to this most recent episode, had grown able to tap the world's financial resources at an increasing rate unparalleled in history.     And for the world's most vulnerable economies, continued financial deepening will be absolutely necessary to permit them to meet their development goals. The upcoming conference will consider the role of taxation in both the industrial and developing countries with respect to these goals.     The conference will address not only the role of the financial sector as a source of revenue itself, and its broader role in the development and growth of the world economy, but also its function in assisting in administration of the tax system-through information reporting, collection of tax payments, and withholding.     This latter role will become ever more important with growing international cooperation in fighting tax evasion and avoidance.     Finally, we must not lose sight of the main function of the tax system - to raise revenue in an economically efficient, non-distortionary, and administratively feasible manner.     Even fully recognizing the existence of both market failures and policy-induced vulnerabilities, including those that contributed to this crisis, it is important to avoid accidentally introducing distortions through the tax system that may prove worse than the evils they are intended to remedy.     "Neutrality" of taxation of the financial sector in this sense is a benchmark against which deviations from this objective may be measured and judged.     One must ask whether any proposed interventions are targeted at a recognized externality or existing distortion, and, if so, whether the proposed action is the most appropriate response. And the multilateral institutions, in particular, must look to the effects which the financial sector and its taxation may have not only on the world's highly developed economies-those with the greatest depth of financial intermediation-but at the effects, direct and indirect, on the world's developing nations.     International cooperation on these matters will be critical to making improvements that will benefit all of us. This week's important event, hosted by the Chinese government and organized by the ITD, is itself a model in this regard.

BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Equality has become a catchphrase when Chinese lawmakers mull over two major moves in the history of China's legislative progress.     Chinese rural and urban people are about to get equal representation in lawmaking bodies. It means farmers will have the same say in the country's decision-making process as urbanites.     At the five-day legislative session beginning Tuesday, members of national legislature discussed to give rural and urban people equal representation in people's congresses.     A draft amendment to the Electoral Law was tabled at the bimonthly meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. It requires that both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the people's congresses.     The electoral system is the foot stone of democracy, and the principle of equality is a prerequisite to guarantee people's democratic rights.     The Electoral Law was enacted in 1953 and completely revised in1979. It then underwent four minor amendments.     Senior people are still nostalgic about the bean-counting way of electing their representatives in villages, which was the country's primitive mode of democracy after New China was founded in 1949.     Candidates who stood for election as deputies to a people's congress were elected if they received more than half of the beans.     Later voters began to use ballots.     After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulates that each rural deputy represents a population four times that in urban areas.     That means in China, every 960,000 rural residents and every 240,000 urbanites are represented by one rural and urban NPC deputy respectively.     Critics say this can be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts."     During previous amendments in the 1980s, the difference was even as great as eight times.     But Li Shishi, director of the Commission for Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, said such a provision is "in accordance with the country's political system and social conditions of that time" and is "completely necessary" as the rural population is much more than that of cities and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation will mean an excessive number of rural deputies.     Rural population made up almost 90 percent of the country's total in 1949. With the process of urbanization, the ratio of urban and rural residents was about 45.7 to 54.3 last year.     Li said that with rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the time is right for equal representation, which is conducive to "mobilizing people's enthusiasm and creativity" and the development of democracy.     Zhou Hanhua, a research fellow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the draft amendment is inline with social change, and "from the legal perspective it shows that all rights are equal under the law."     Obviously, the change will be a significant political progress and it is in line with the constitutional spirit that "everyone in the nation is equal."     It also reflects the transition of the country's urban and rural society.     According to the law, the number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, the top legislature.     The draft amendment says the quotas of NPC deputies are distributed to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on the basis of their population, which ensures equal representation among regions and ethnic groups.     Another big issue that lawmakers deliberate at the session this week is to grant "equal compensation" to the victims of traffic, mining and industrial accidents as well as medical negligence, among others, regardless of the victims' identity, status, income and regional disparity.     The proposal is specified in the draft on tort liability, which is deliberated by members of the NPC Standing Committee for the third time.     Farmer victims normally get much less compensation than their urban counterparts. And there are often disputes from "different prices paid to different lives."     At the session, lawmakers consider to set the same compensation for all victims of an accident that results in many deaths.     It will be a significant step if the draft law on tort liability is adopted by the legislature, as it ensures equal rights for each Chinese and shows respect for every human life.

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NAIROBI, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- The UN environmental agency UNEP Saturday hailed China's commitment to the fight against climate change and the recently-announced measure to render assistance to African countries in clean energy development.     China's State Council announced on Nov. 26 that China is going to reduce the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent compared with the level of 2005.     "China's announcement has assisted in triggering fresh momentumin the days running up to the crucial UN climate convention meeting in Copenhagen. It underscores China's determination to continue and accelerate the decoupling of CO2 emissions from economic growth," said Nick Nuttall, spokesman for the office of UN Environment Programme (UNEP) executive director.     He noted that China's announcement, alongside commitments and pledges by other countries or blocs like the European Union, Brazil, Mexico and the Republic of Korea, is bringing the opportunity of a decisive agreement in the Danish capital this month far closer than perhaps was the case only a few months ago.     "China is one among several nations that has increasingly recognized that development in the 21st century and environmental considerations are not a contradiction, but can be mutually supportive in terms of generating growth and jobs for a healthy, prosperous and stable society," said Nuttall in an exclusive written interview with Xinhua.     With regards to the new measures announced by China last month to assist Africa with clean energy projects, the spokesman termed it as "timely".     "Africa is the continent that is the least one responsible for climate change, yet it remains the most vulnerable and also has an especially important need for energy with many of the two billion people without access to electricity living in Africa," Nuttall stressed.     "The decision (of China) to support 100 projects can assist Africa in economic development and diversification in terms of sectors and wider-employment prospects while assisting towards a more sustainable path," said he, "So in terms of fighting poverty, accelerating development and combating climate change, China's announcement to assist Africa is welcome news."     At the fourth ministerial conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh earlier last month, the Chinese government proposed to establish a China-Africa partnership in addressing climate change, as one of the eight new measures to strengthen the cooperation between the two sides in the next three years.     Senior officials' consultations with African countries will be held from time to time in this field, while cooperation will be enhanced on satellite weather monitoring. Development and utilization of new energy sources, prevention and control of desertification and urban environmental protection will also be boosted.     China has also decided to build 100 clean energy projects for Africa covering solar power, bio-gas and small hydro-power.     The spokesman also expressed optimistic about the upcoming Copenhagen conference, "While there is a great deal to be done in Copenhagen to realize a decisive and equitable agreement, there is now a real chance that the UN climate convention meeting can be a success."     He also listed several tests which will be faced with by the participates of the crucial meeting, like whether it can agree on a deal that reflects the science of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or in other words, whether it can set the stage for a 25 percent to 40 percent emission reduction by 2020 and deeper cuts beyond.     The funding was also a bottleneck in the bid to strike a pivotal deal in the meeting. Nuttall elaborated by identifying as a test whether "Copenhagen can develop a global financial partnership in which developing economies are given sufficient resource to adapt to the climate change already underway while being assisted towards a low carbon path".     According to UNEP estimates, sums of perhaps 100 billion U.S. dollars a year by 2020 may be needed and there needs to be a quick start fund of several billion dollars almost immediately.     Meanwhile, other elements need to be put in place including action that recognizes the mitigation and adaptation role of ecosystems like forests which will be increasingly important in terms of their role in delivering water supplies and stabilizing economically-important soils against extreme weather events, Nuttall told Xinhua.     UNEP's recent Blue Carbon report estimated that around half of all the world's transport emissions are being captured and locked away by sea grasses, mangroves and salt marshes.     "Copenhagen could and must be the start of a really new and more creative development path for six billion people, rising to nine billion by 2050," Nuttall said determinedly.     The Copenhagen climate summit is scheduled for Dec. 7-18, where representatives of about 190 countries are expected to renew greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets set by the Kyoto Protocol, the first commitment period of which is to expire in 2012. It is also expected to outline the post-2012 negotiation path.

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ZHENGZHOU, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao has urged to establish and improve the mechanism of democratic self-governance of villages that can both secure the Communist Party's leadership and safeguard villagers' rights.     In a recent written instruction, Hu called on local officials to make efforts to improve the grassroot governance mechanism in rural areas in line with the basic conditions of the country.     Other leaders including Vice President Xi Jinping have also made similar instructions.     In a meeting on Tuesday in Zhengzhou, capital of central China's Henan Province, Li Yuanchao, head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, urged officials to study the leaders' instructions.     The building of grassroot governance organizations in rural areas must be strengthened, and the village-level democracy and self-government mechanism must be further improved, Li said.

BEIJING, Jan. 5 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government will continue encouraging outbound investment while attracting foreign investment in 2010 for "stable and relatively fast" growth of the country's economy, a government official has said.     Outbound investment, or "go-global" strategy, should aim at making use of overseas resources, market and advanced technologies, so as to help facilitate development of China's domestic economy, Zhang Xiaoqiang, vice minister in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission, said in the speech posted on the commission's website Tuesday.     The remarks were made at a conference held in Beijing on foreign investment on Dec. 11, but was not released until Tuesday.     In the first three quarters of 2009, China saw its investment overseas at 32.87 billion U.S. dollars, up 0.5 percent year-on-year, according to the Ministry of Commerce (MOC).     The country would also continue to attract foreign investment, he said. "Social stability, huge potential market and low cost of productive resources are still advantages for foreign investment," he said.     The country would see more advanced technologies and talents from foreign countries and foreign investment would better serve the structural reform of the country's economy.     Zhang said the government would stress national economic security while seeking to increase foreign investment. "We have to properly handle new challenges and situations when further opening sectors, including finance and telecommunications."     China's foreign direct investment shrank 14.26 percent from the same period last year to 63.77 billion U.S. dollars in the first nine months as foreign companies cut spending amid the global economic downturn, according to the MOC.     In the speech, Zhang also said China's currency was facing renewed pressure to appreciate because of the quantitative easing monetary policy in developed countries, a weakening dollar and recovery of China's economy.     The pressure would likely spur massive inflow of speculative money, making liquidity management more difficult.     Premier Wen Jiabao also said in December in an interview with Xinhua that the yuan faced appreciation pressure. "China will not yield to foreign pressure for the appreciation of its currency yuan in any form," Wen said.     "A stable Chinese currency is good for the international community," Wen said.