当代中国社会阶层研究报告

OFDM系统中同步技术的研究与实现

BEIJING, Sept. 18 (Xinhua) -- Sirens wailed in a number of Chinese cities Friday to remind people of the Sept. 18 invasion and occupation by Japanese troops in 1931.     "We should not forget the past. The history tells us that we will be beaten if we are week," said Yang Jianhua, a 56-year-old worker who beat the bell at the 9.18 History Museum.     Dozens of cities across China including Harbin, Changchun and Xi'an also sounded the alarms at 9:18 a.m. to remind the people of the humiliating history.     On Sept. 18 in 1931, Shenyang resounded with the noise of cannons and explosions when Japanese forces attacked the barracks of Chinese troops. The move marked the beginning of a Japanese occupation that lasted 14 years.     A history museum in Changchun, capital of northeast China's Jilin Province, opened to the public for free as from Sept. 18. The Museum covers 10,600 square meters with more than 3,000 historical documents and materials.     An exhibition in Beijing displayed 220 photos and 260 items of historical relics on ordinary people's fighting against Japanese troops. The exhibition will run until April 30 in 2010.

PHUKET, Thailand, July 23 (Xinhua) -- China's Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi told reporters Thursday on the sidelines of the ASEAN meeting series that about the Korea Peninsula's nuclear issue, the UN Security Council's resolutions should be implemented and all sides should work hard to avoid escalation of tension.     "China's stand is very firm. We are working very hard for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, and we are totally against nuclear proliferation...This issue, the nuclear issue, should be solved by peaceful means through diplomatic negotiation," Yang said.     Yang made the remark before he entered the venue for the 16th ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), a top security forum in Asia which is held in the Thai southern island of Phuket on Thursday. Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi (2nd L) speaks to the media in Phuket of Thailand, July 23, 2009. Yang Jiechi told reporters Thursday on the sidelines of the ASEAN meeting series that about the Korea Peninsula's nuclear issue, the UN Security Council's resolutions should be implemented and all sides should work hard to avoid escalation of tension    China is working for peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in the Northeast Asia, he said.     Yang arrived in Phuket on Tuesday night to attend the ASEAN and dialogue partners' meeting on Wednesday as well as the ARF.     "At the meetings I attended yesterday, many participants stressed the importance of continuing to have the six-party talks. They believe that this is the effective platform on which we can proceed to properly solve the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula," he said.     Yang said a sooner restart of the six-party talks will "do everybody good".     "So one should take a long-term and strategic point of view, and work for the earlier resumption of the six-party talks. China stays in close touch with all the parties concerned, because this is a good cause, this is a very important cause," Yang said.

BEIJING, July 23 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government has made clear Thursday that it will continue its proactive fiscal policy in the second half of this year to maintain its economic growth as government leaders reiterated the stance, for there are still uncertainties ahead.     Finance Minister Xie Xuren told local financial bureaus at a conference in Beijing on Thursday that the proactive policies, which included increased investment from the government, tax cuts and subsidies to low- income families, had taken effect in stimulating the recovery of the national economy.     The Chinese economy expanded 7.9 percent from a year ago in the second quarter of this year, driven by a surge of fixed-asset investment backed by government fiscal policies. Finance Minister Xie Xuren was seen in this file photo taken on March 6, 2008    The economic growth rate accelerated from the 6.1 percent in the first quarter of this year and the 6.8 percent in the fourth quarter of last year.     To weather the global economic recession, the Chinese government unveiled a four-trillion-yuan stimulus package in November to revive the world's third largest economy, which was slowed by tumbling exports. The central government promised a 1.18trillion yuan investment.     By the end of June, 591.5 billion yuan (86.6 billion U.S. dollars) out of the total investment from the central government had been allocated, which boosted a 33.5 percent jump of fixed-asset investment in the first half of this year. It was the highest level in the last five years.     The ministry's decision came as Chinese leaders vowed to continue the current policies.     Chinese President Hu Jintao said Thursday that China should adhere to its proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy to ensure a stable economic growth as the recovery is not yet solid.     Premier Wen Jiabao has reiterated that the economy is in a crucial phase and rebounding. He pledged to maintain the current macroeconomic policies and fully implement its four-trillion yuan stimulus package.     Xie said the government will implement the fiscal policy "at full swing" in the second half of this year and speed up allocation of investment from government, which, Xie hoped, would stimulate private investment.     Yang Zhiyong, researcher of the Institute of Finance and Trade Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a government think tank, said that currently the proactive fiscal policy had a limited impact on pushing up private investment. It is hard for private investment to enter monopolistic sectors, he added.     Li Yining, an economist from the Peking University, said consumption should be spurred to fuel the growth momentum in the future as the current economic recovery was advanced mainly by investment. He suggested the proactive policy be further carried out to stimulate consumption and private investment in the following period.     Xie said in the second half the ministry will continue its policy of tax cuts to increase investment from enterprises and consumption.     The ministry also pledged to increase spending on people's livelihood. Investment in agriculture, social security, medical care, education, science and environmental protection climbed 33.9percent from a year earlier to 1.48 trillion yuan, according the ministry.     Analysts said the macroeconomic polices should also aim to adjust economic structure for the long term and to create new growth points.     Jia Kang, president of the Institute of Fiscal Science, Ministry of Finance, said the government resolves to step up adjustment of economic structure as the economy is back on track for recovery.     Xie said the fiscal policy in the second will support innovation and energy conservation and emission reduction to sustain the economic growth.     On July 21, the ministry started a pilot program to subsidize 50 percent of investment for solar power projects, a move to boost the solar industry as a new growth point for the country's economy.     Xie also urged to strengthen supervision over fiscal management and improve information transparency in the second half as fiscal expenditure in the second half faced great pressure. Wen Jiabao also described the country's fiscal situation as "severe."     The ministry said the country's fiscal revenue in the first six months fell 2.4 percent from a year ago to about 3.4 trillion yuan, while its fiscal expenditure rose 26.3 percent to 2.89 trillion yuan. 

中山搜索引擎优化排名公司

BEIJING, Sept. 11 (Xinhua) -- The General Office of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued a collection of slogans Friday for the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.     The collection of 50 catchphrases touches upon issues of political system, economic development, environmental protection, military modernization and national unification.     On the top of the slogan list are "Warmly celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China!" and "Hail the great success of our country's reform and opening-up and socialist modernization!"     Also on the list are "Put people first, realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people!" and "build a socialist harmonious society and promote social equity and justice!"     One of the slogans also advocates the inheritance of fine military tradition that the armed forces should obey the command of the Party and serve the people.     Slogans also include "Adhere to the one China policy and promote the country's great cause of peaceful reunification!" and "Adhere to the independent foreign policy of peace and unswervingly pursue the road of peaceful development!" and "Long live the great unity of all nationalities of China!"     China has planned massive celebrations for the 60th founding anniversary of the people's republic on Oct. 1. The celebrations in downtown Beijing will feature a mass pageant and a military review.

NEW YORK, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao met with his South Korean counterpart Lee Myung-bak here on Wednesday morning on the sidelines of the UN meetings to discuss bilateral ties and other issues of common interests.     Hu said thanks to their joint efforts the two countries have seen steady progress of exchanges and cooperation in various fields in recent years.     All consensus reached between them have been implemented smoothly, with some already bringing about remarkable results, Hu said.     Hu noted that the two countries have maintained fine communication and coordination in regional and international affairs, adding that China is ready to join hands with South Korea to strengthen strategic communication and expand mutually beneficial cooperation, so as to bring concrete benefits to both peoples and contribute to peace, stability and prosperity in Northeast Asia. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with South Korean President Lee Myung-bak in New York Sept. 23, 2009    This year marks the 10th anniversary of launching of a trilateral cooperative scheme among China, South Korea and Japan, Hu said.     Over the past decade, the three countries have established a future-oriented, all-dimensional cooperative partnership that has led to the promotion of development and stability in their countries and the region at large, said the Chinese president.     During the meeting, Hu announced that leaders from China, South Korea and Japan will hold their second meeting in Beijing on Oct. 10, 2009.     China is ready to work with South Korea and Japan to push for the success of the October tripartite summit and bring trilateral cooperation to a higher level, Hu said.     As situation in Northeast Asia shows signs of thawing, Hu called on all concerned parties to seize the opportunity to further improve the regional situation and bring the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue back on the track of dialogues and negotiations.     China is willing to work with South Korea to play a constructive role in realizing the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and maintaining peace and stability in the peninsula and Northeast Asia, the Chinese president said.     During the meeting, Hu also called for strengthened cooperation between the two countries to boost the common development of their economies.     Lee congratulated China on the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.     He said he fully agreed with President Hu's view on bilateral ties and expressed his willingness to bring the strategic and cooperative partnership between the two countries to a higher level.     Lee said the stabilization and rally of the Chinese economy play a significant role in promoting trade and economic cooperation between China and South Korea, as well as in world economic recovery.     Hu's speech at the UN climate change summit on Tuesday showed clearly China's active stance on climate change and won applause from countries around the world, Lee said.     South Korea is ready to strengthen coordination and cooperation with China on regional and global issues, he said.     He also spoke highly of China's important role in the six-party talks on nuclear issue of the Korean Peninsula and pledged South Korea's efforts to keep contact and cooperation with China in this regard.     Lee said, along with the rising status and influence of Asia on the world stage, South Korea, China and Japan should have even closer cooperation.     Thanks to their joint efforts, China and South Korea have seen a rapid growth of bilateral links since they established diplomatic relations 17 years ago.     The heads of state of the two countries exchanged visits last year. They agreed on establishing a strategic partnership of cooperation in May 2008, opening up a new era in bilateral ties. They met again on the sidelines of the financial summit of the Group of 20 (G20) in London in April this year.     China and South Korea are both important neighbors and cooperative partners. Now China is the top trade partner, export market and source of imports of South Korea.     Hu is in New York for the UN climate change summit, the general debate of the 64th Session of the UN General Assembly and a Security Council summit on nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament.     After the UN meetings, President Hu will fly to Pittsburgh to attend the G20 financial summit.

BEIJING, Sept. 17 (Xinhua) -- The recent U.S. comments that China poses a military threat to itself is "totally groundless and irresponsible", Spokesman with China's Ministry of National Defense Hu Changming said Thursday.     "China's military development is always a positive factor for both regional and global peace and stability," Hu said in a statement.     The country has always pursued a national defense policy that is defensive in nature and unswervingly follows a road of peaceful development, he said.     The 2009 National Intelligence Strategy document released by the United States listed China as a challenger of the U.S. interests and described China as "very aggressive in the cyberworld."     A senior U.S. defense official also said on Wednesday that China's "investments in cyber and anti-satellite warfare, anti-air and anti-ship weaponry, and ballistic missiles could threaten America's primary way to project power and help allies in the Pacific -- in particular our forward air bases and carrier strike groups."     "We demand the U.S. side to respect the fact, take measures to correct the wrong comments and stop doing things that undermine the military relations between the two countries," he said.

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BEIJING, Sept. 6 (Xinhua) -- When the class began, Math teacher Xu Junjun announced that Premier Wen Jiabao was with them, the students turned round simultaneously and craned their necks and found Grandpa Wen, who greeted the marveling faces with a gentle smile.     During the morning class that started 8:10, Wen was seen taking notes carefully. After the lesson, he sat with several students sharing his notes with them.     He spent a total of four hours and five minutes till the music class ended with Class 5 of the 8th graders at Beijing No. 35 Middle School on Friday.     "It's a memorable experience and I felt as if I had traveled back to my childhood," he said, "I love you all." Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) talks with students at Beijing No. 35 Middle School in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 4, 2009. Ahead of China's 25th Teacher's Day, which falls on Sept. 10, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has called on teachers across the country to enhance their teaching standards and do a good jobWen has been visiting teachers and students on every Teacher's Day since 2003 when he took up the post. The 25th Teacher's Day will fall on Thursday.     "Sitting in on the class all the morning is my way of paying tribute to you teachers," he explained his visit later in a meeting with the faculty in the afternoon.     The meeting was attended by representatives of teachers from Beijing. The premier commented on the morning lessons one by one and offer his suggestions to the teachers.     Wen said that education is a lofty and honorable cause because the fate of the nation depends on it.     "The nation's rise and fall rely on education, as only first-rate education can generate first-rate talents who in turn can build a first-rate nation," Wen said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) plays games with a student at Beijing No. 35 Middle School in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 4, 2009. Ahead of China's 25th Teacher's Day, which falls on Sept. 10, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has called on teachers across the country to enhance their teaching standards and do a good job.China currently has about 16 million people working in educational institutions, including 12 million teachers in middle and primary schools.     Chinese teachers have made great contribution to the country's education and modernization through their hard work to cultivate generations of talented people over the years, Wen said.     "Anyone, no matter how successful they are, owes their growth to their teachers' enlightenment and instruction, and thus should be a student forever before their teachers, " he said.     He also urged the teachers to be creative in improving their teaching skills, teaching contents and evaluation methods.     "Teachers are not sculptors, but what you are crafting is the most valuable work of art," Wen said.     He called on the educators to teach with love, be dedicated to learning and set exemplary roles for students.     "I felt quite warmed at heart after I watched the premier spend the whole morning attending lessons and use almost an hour to comment on each one," said Zheng Xinrong, a professor with Beijing Normal University, China's top institute for teachers.   Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R3 2nd Line Back) attends a music class at Beijing No. 35 Middle School in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 4, 2009. Ahead of China's 25th Teacher's Day, which falls on Sept. 10, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has called on teachers across the country to enhance their teaching standards and do a good job.

BRUSSELS, Oct. 7 (Xinhua) -- China will work with Belgium to improve political trust and substantial cooperation to make new progress in bilateral ties, Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping said here Wednesday.     During talks with Belgian Prime Minister Herman Van Rompuy, Xi put forward a four-point proposal to cement bilateral ties:     -- To maintain high-level contacts and political dialogues. China welcomes King Albert II to participate in the 2010 Shanghai Expo and hopes the governments, parliaments and political parties of the two countries to increase exchanges for more understanding and trust;     -- To consider the core interests and concerns of each other. China hopes the two sides would deal with the bilateral relations from a strategic and long-term perspective, properly handle disputes based on principles of mutual respect, equal treatment and noninterference in each other's internal affairs, to enhance the development of the bilateral ties in a healthy and stable way; Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L) shakes hands with Belgian Prime Minister Herman Van Rompuy, during their talks in Brussels, capital of Belgium, on Oct. 7, 2009. Xi Jinping arrived here on Wednesday to begin a five-nation European tour    -- To actively boost tangible cooperation, including investment and technological cooperation. China welcomes Belgian companies to invest in China and encourages its own entrepreneurs to do business in Belgium;     -- To increase human and culture exchanges. China will further promote exchanges with Belgium in various sectors including culture, education and tourism. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (2nd L) holds talks with Belgian Prime Minister Herman Van Rompuy (4th R) in Brussels, capital of Belgium, on Oct. 7, 2009. Xi Jinping arrived here on Wednesday to begin a five-nation European tourVan Rompuy said Belgium would work with China to push forward exchanges and cooperation in all areas.     He spoke highly of China's stance in handling the current global financial crisis and the climate change, and pledged to strengthen coordination with China on regional and international issues.     He reaffirmed that Belgium would always adhere to the one-China policy and the principle of noninterference in other country's internal affairs, and would not support any separatist activities.     Following the talks, Xi and Van Rompuy attended the signing ceremony of a number of agreements on science, finance and trade cooperation.     Xi arrived here Wednesday afternoon for an official visit to Belgium, the first leg of his European tour. He will also visit Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania.  

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BEIJING, Aug. 6 (Xinhua) -- As typhoon Morakot gains momentum and churns toward China's mainland, provinces in coastal regions are busy bracing for its impact.     By 5 p.m. Thursday, the typhoon was located at 23.3 degrees north and 126.7 degrees east, about 780 kilometers away from Wenzhou, a major city in Zhejiang Province, meteorological authorities said. It was expected to land in the eastern Zhejiang or Fujian provinces between Saturday noon and Sunday morning. Soldiers help fishermen go to safe zone in the rain in Taizhou City, east China's Zhejiang Province, Aug. 6, 2009. It is predicted that the typhoon Morakot will land off the seashore in east China's Zhejiang Province and southeast China's Fujian Province from Saturday noon to Sunday morning.In Zhejiang province 2,076 ships had returned to harbor by 3 p.m. while passenger liner services in Wenzhou and Taizhou cities were suspended.     More than 900 Chinese and foreign tourists have been evacuated from from the resort Nanji Island, and measures taken in scenic areas near the coast to assist tourists.     Seventeen teams comprising 138 soldiers are preparing for emergencies, and working with local officials to ascertain potentially hazardous areas. In adjacent Fujian province, nearly 8.4 million short messages had been sent to mobile phone users by 5:30 p.m., warning them to prepare for the typhoon. Soldiers help fishermen transport cases of fish in Putian City of southeast China's Fujian Province, Aug. 6, 2009. Provincial flood control and drought relief headquarters ordered fishing boats and construction vessels to seek shelter in harbors before 6 p.m. Thursday.     As of 6 p.m., more than 1,200 vessels had returned to harbors and 5,242 people had been evacuated in Fujian's Ningde, Putian and Fuzhou. Sea waves as high as six meters battered fish farms.     Weather forecasters said the most severe typhoon this year would push sea waves in the coastal areas to up to nine meters high when it approaches. Fishing vessels are seen in the Shenjiamen Port to avoid typhoon in Zhoushan City, east China's Zhejiang Province, Aug. 6, 2009Local authorities have warned the public to pay attention to weather forecasts and be aware of the rainstorms and other typhoon-related disasters.     More than 180 policemen are on duty in Quanzhou city, helping those in danger areas to evacuate.     Morakot, which strengthened into typhoon Wednesday afternoon, is also expected to whip up gales in Shanghai from Saturday to Monday. Meteorological stations in the city have cautioned relevant departments to brace for emergencies. Soldiers help fishermen strengthen rafts in Wenzhou City, east China's Zhejiang Province, Aug. 6, 2009.Experts in Guangdong Province say although the typhoon won't land there its impact could be great. Bilis, a 2006 typhoon landed in Fujian but tens of thousands of people in Guangdong were affected.     The experts considered Morakot might have a big influence in the eastern part of Guangdong, and soak the province in torrential rains.     The eighth tropical storm this year, Morakot was formed on the heels of Goni, which unleashed downpours in Guangdong destroying 732 houses.     "The two storms could influence each other," said Wang Zhenming, vice head of the Zhejiang provincial meteorological station. "As a result, the route of Morakot is not fully predictable."     He warned Morakot was likely to continue growing in strength and become a super typhoon.     China is frequently affected by tropical storms in summer. The most destructive one recently occurred in 2006, when super typhoon Saomai claimed more than 400 lives.

BEIJING, Sept. 18 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China (CPC) central leadership vowed Friday to enhance intra-Party democracy by improving Party congress and election systems.     Less than two weeks ahead of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the 17th CPC Central Committee made a consensus at its fourth plenary session which ended Friday, calling for bettering the democratic decision-making mechanism within the Party in order to maintain the CPC's centralization and unity.     After the four-day close-door meeting, the CPC Central Committee agreed in a communique upon pushing forward intra-Party democracy, which allows broad representation of Party-wide wills and propositions, and, subsequently, drives people's democracy.     Hu Jintao, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, said at the 17th CPC National Congress on Oct. 15, 2007, "We will expand intra-Party democracy to develop people's democracy and increase intra-Party harmony to promote social harmony." Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, delivers a work report at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, which was held from Sept. 15 to 18 in Beijing, China"The realization of intra-Party democracy must rely on the guarantee of all Party members' democratic rights to know, to participate, to vote and to supervise all internal affairs of the Party," Hu, also Chinese president, said at another occasion months ago.     Yu Keping, a prominent theorist who serves as deputy director of the CPC Central Compilation and Translation Bureau, said people's democracy was the ultimate goal of China's democratic politics, whereas the Party's internal democracy spearheads to achieve the ultimate goal.     Political scientists said the CPC's stance of institutionalizing itself towards a more transparent and democratic ruling party reflects its increasing preparedness for the new situation, which was summarized by the latest communique as "long-term, complicated and draconian tests" for the CPC's ruling capability, the reform and open-up policy, adoption of a market economy and adaptation to outside circumstances.     Wang Changjiang, a scholar at the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC, said "the new situation" might be a combination of diversified problems, such as the economic downturn, mass incidents and ethnic issues.     Wang's alert coincided with the sober-minded perspective of the CPC central leadership, which says in the communique that "it has never been so onerous and pressing that the Party must effectively manage and discipline itself."     One solution to those challenges is to beef up teams of "high-caliber cadres" through democratic, open, competitive and merit-based selection channels.     The communique said the Party should encourage best people to stand out from peers to take key Party or governmental posts.     Xu Yaotong, a researcher at the China National School of Administration, said direct election of officials, which was a foundation of intra-Party democracy, could start from the county level.     Some provinces, such as southwestern Sichuan and eastern Jiangsu, have tried out direct elections, in which grassroots candidates ran for township-level Party leadership.     With the idea of improving the Party congress system, the CPC is expected to try to mandate more power to delegates to various levels of congresses, who hold equal voting rights, regardless of official status, for decisions at Party congresses.     The ruling CPC is the largest political contingent in China, with about 76 million members growing rapidly from 4.4 million in 1949 when the PRC was founded.