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SHENZHEN -- Construction began Saturday on an experimental facility which will offer a platform for Chinese and foreign scientists to work together for discovering a new kind of neutrino oscillation in Shenzhen, South China's Guangdong Province.It was the second biggest cooperation program Chinese high energy scientists ever conducted with other foreign counterparts since October 1988 when the positive-negative electron collider was built in Beijing.Through the collider, scientists from China and the United States have cooperated and carried out legions of scientific research.Saturday's construction commencement function was attended by more than 100 people, including government officials and foreign diplomats, such as Dr. Robin Staffin, Associate Director of Science in the US Department of Energy.Neutrino Oscillation is an intriguing behavior of a sub-atomic particle called neutrino.And the new facility is being built in the mountain near Daya Nuclear Power Plant, which has four reactors with a combined thermal output of 11.6 million kw in operation, and Ling'ao nuclear power plant is not far away. Both nuke power plants will serve as sources of anti-neutrinos for the experiments when the facility is finished.Workers will build three underground experimental halls which will be connected by long tunnels in the mountain that shields the experiment from unwanted cosmic radiation.Each hall will feature a 10-m deep water-pool within which eight anti-neutrino detectors will be deployed. The water protects the detectors from nearby radiation that interferes with the measurement, and helps identify surviving cosmic radiation.And the first experimental hall is expected to be ready by the end of 2008. Commissioning of the detectors in this hall will take place in 2009.Civil engineering construction is anticipated to last about two years, with installation of the last detector scheduled for 2010.Upon completion of the new facility, more than 190 scientists from six countries and regions including the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Taiwan Province, the United States and Russia will come over to do research work, according to Chen Hesheng, Chief of the Institute of High Energy Physics with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).The facility will have a budget of 250 million yuan (US.25 million). And China will be responsible for infrastructure construction and making of four detectors. And the United States will be responsible for making of the rest of the detectors.Wang Yifang, chief scientist on the experiment, said he was confident that the program would make an important contribution to finding a new breakthrough in China's research efforts in particle physics, starting a new horizon in world's neutrino research, and to improving the overall strength of China in science and technology.

The U.S. National Academy of Sciences announced on Tuesday the election of 72 new members and 18 foreign associates in recognition of their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. The election was held this morning during the business session of the 144th annual meeting of the academy, and brought the organization's total number of active members to 2,025. Foreign associates are non-voting members of the academy. The 18 newly elected, from 12 different countries, brought the total number of foreign associates to 387. Two Chinese scientists, Zhang Qifa and Li Aizhen, were among the new foreign associates. Professor Zhang is the director of National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, in central China's Wuhan. Li is from the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The U.S. National Academy of Sciences is a private organization of scientists and engineers dedicated to the advance of science and its use for the general welfare. It was established in 1863 by a congressional act signed by Abraham Lincoln. The act calls on the academy to act as an official adviser to the federal government, upon request, in any matter of science or technology

BEIJING, March 10 (Xinhua) -- The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planning agency, said on Monday the country's combined edible vegetable oil consumption stood at 23 million tons in 2007, 2 million tons more than a year earlier.     The country's total market supply last year reached 23.8 million tons, according to a statement on the NDRC website.     The NDRC said the current demand and supply of edible vegetable oil on the domestic market were balanced and could meet citizens' needs.     However, the NDRC and the State Grain Administration (SGA) called on their local branches to endeavor to maintain stable market supply as international soybean and edible oil prices had risen sharply recently.     The NDRC and the SGA ordered their local branches to accentuate the importance that the import of soybeans and edible vegetable oil would not be disrupted.     Two-thirds of edible oil materials in China, the largest global consumer, relies on imports. According to General Administration of Customs statistics, imports of edible oil and soybean reached 8.38 million tons and 30.82 million tons, respectively, last year, up 1.69 million tons and 2.58 million tons year on year.     The NDRC also asked local governments to track the inventory and price of edible oil price in real time and make efforts to maintain a sound market order.

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Major travel agencies had cut prices of domestic group tours by an average 30 percent as of yesterday, as the weeklong National Day holiday approaches its conclusion.The discount trips cover some top attractions, including Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan Province, Lijiang in Yunnan Province, Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province and some spots in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Costs for outbound tours have also been cut.The prices of tours to Japan and the Republic of Korea have fallen by as much as 1,000 yuan (3), according to www.ctrip.com, a travel service company.The country's tourism market saw a peak yesterday, the National Holiday Office said in a statement.More than 90 percent of the hotel rooms in most tourist destinations were booked, the statement said.The office said the 119 scenic spots in its nationwide monitoring system had received 3.28 million tourists on Wednesday and 3.07 million yesterday.Beijing's mass transit railway system carried 3.74 million people during the first two days of the weeklong holiday, according to municipal metro authorities.The number was almost double the amount on a normal day.An official with the Beijing environmental sanitation group said tourists had left about a third of the garbage at Tian'anmen Square each day that they did last year.Sanitation workers cleared 26.6 tons of garbage from the square in the first two days of the holiday, compared with 80 tons last year.

Businesses in the Taihu Lake area will have to pay heavy fees to discharge pollution into the lake and nearby waterways this year, officials from the Jiangsu environmental protection bureau said Thursday.The new regulation, approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Finance last month, is the first of its kind in the country. It will be implemented initially in Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang and Nanjing, all in Jiangsu Province.The move is part of a long-awaited campaign to limit the amount of pollution pumped into the region's waterways.Taihu Lake, which provides drinking water for about 30 million people in the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang as well as Shanghai Municipality, has been heavily polluted by industrial waste, pesticides and fertilizer since the 1980s.The situation deteriorated in May last year when the lake suffered from a massive blue-green algae outbreak that threatened the water supply to more than 1 million residents of Wuxi.The government closed down some 2,800 small chemical factories after the bloom appeared.The water quality in the Taihu Lake area is expected to improve as the new rule takes effect, prodding companies to clean up their operations to avoid fines, an official surnamed Gao, with the publicity and education department of the provincial environmental protection bureau, said.The new regulation includes charges of 4,500 yuan (0) per ton for increasing chemical oxygen demand, a measure of the amount of oxygen used in a chemical reaction caused by chemical waste in water, or double what it costs to treat polluted water.Seven industries, including chemicals, textiles, iron and steel-making, and paper mills, which are believed to pose the biggest threat to water safety, will be subject to the fines.Companies discharging more than their quota of pollution will face fines of up to 1 million yuan. However, those that do not use up their quotas are welcome to trade the difference with other companies.

WASHINGTON -- The special US envoy on Sudan affairs said Wednesday that important progress has been made toward peace talks on Darfur and China plays a "constructive" role in facilitating such progress."I am very happy with the role the Chinese are playing," Andrew Natsios said in a speech at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington-based think tank."It is a constructive role," Natsios said. "I think the Chinese are like a locomotive that is speeding up."With mediation by China, he said, the Sudanese government has accepted a UN Security Council resolution adopted in July to authorize a hybrid UN-African Union peacekeeping force for the Darfur region.He said the major obstacles to the peace talks now come from the rebel groups rather than the Sudanese government.In a related development, China's Special Representative on African Affairs Liu Guijin said in Beijing on Tuesday that China will send a military liaison officer to Sudan's Darfur.Liu, who has just wrapped up a seven-day visit to the United States and the United Nations, said China has informed the UN of its decision.China also pledged to send a 315-member multi-functional engineering unit to Darfur in early October, which would be the first batch of UN-AU peacekeepers in place, and China will stick to its commitment, Liu said.Liu reiterated China's constructive and unique role in finding a solution to the Darfur issue, saying China has provided much aid and help with regard to the reconstruction and development of Darfur."The US and UN both hold positive views on China's role in resolving the Darfur issue, and hope China will play a bigger role in this regard," said Liu.

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BEIJING -- For the first time in its history, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has mentioned the word "religion" in an amendment to its Constitution adopted on Sunday at the closing session of the 17th CPC National Congress.To incorporate into its Constitution the principles and policies the Party has formulated for guiding efforts to strengthen the work related to ethnic and religious affairs, among others, is conducive to their full implementation and getting better results in the Party's work in this area, said a resolution on the amendment to the Constitution.It said the insertion has been made in light of the new circumstances and tasks.The CPC is atheistic but allows freedom of religious beliefs. China is home to 100 million religious faithful, largely Buddhists, Taoists, Christians, Catholics and Islamites"The Party's secret in handling well China's religious issues lies in its principles and policies," said Ye Xiaowen, director of the State Administration of Religious Affairs. "Their insertion in the Party Constitution shows the Party is sincere, and capable, of its implementation of policies on the freedom of religious beliefs. "He said religious problems are reported in many parts of the world. "But in China we enjoy peace and quiet because we have the established policies and principles."With the new elaboration on religious work, Ye said the Party is determined to enhance the active role of the religious circle and faithful in boosting social and economic development."I learned of the amendment on the Internet and was inspired," said Living Buddha Dainzin Qoizha in the Shannan Prefecture of southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region. He's been watching the week-long Party congress on the Internet.Dainzin Qoizha is a government employee in Shannan. More than half of his colleagues are CPC members."I'm on very good terms with them," he said. "As a non- Communist, I'm in charge of ethnic and religious work. The prefecture's Party committee is very supportive."Hao Peng, vice Party chief in Tibet, described the relations between the Party and the religious faithful as "united, cooperative and mutual respectful".Tibet currently has more than 1,700 religious sites, 46,000 monks and nuns and more than 30 living Buddhas whose reincarnation has been recognized by the central or regional governments.At least 600 Tibetan Buddhist faithful are working at local legislatures, political advisory bodies, administrations of religious affairs and state-owned businesses and institutions.The CPC's tenet of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, featuring prosperity, democracy, cultural advancement and harmony, reflect the common aspirations of Tibet's religious faithful, said Zhukang Tubdankezhub, president of the Tibetan branch of the Buddhist Association of China.As the host country of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, China has pledged to offer religious services for foreigners arriving for the Games."A large number of religious faithful will be arriving for the Games," Ye Xiaowen told reporters at a news conference on the sidelines of the 17th Party congress.He said China is working on religious facilities at its Olympic venues with the help of the International Olympic Committee and referring to the practices at previous Games. "Our religious services will be up to previous standards."Ye also dismissed allegations that China restricted the printing and sale of Bibles, which he said receive state subsidies and other preferential policies.China, with 16 million Protestant Christians, has printed 42 million Bibles, he said. 

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao shares a light moment with children orphaned due to the death of their parents from AIDS in Shangcai County, Central China's Henan Province Novermber 30, a day before the 20th World AIDS Day which fell on Saturday. [Xinhua] ZHENGZHOU -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao paid his second visit to China's worst AIDS-hit villages in Henan Province, a day before the 20th World AIDS Day. It was Wen's fifth face-to-face talks with AIDS patients or their family members since 2003."What's your name?""Zhang Shuwan.""Do you remember how your parents were dying?""No, I don't."This was a dialog between the visiting Premier and Zhang Shuwan, a 10-year-old girl, whose parents died of AIDS seven years ago, at the Chinese Red Ribbon Home, an orphanage at the Wangying Village of Lugang Township in Shangcai County on Friday morning.Wen was accompanied by Henan's Communist Party chief Xu Guangchun and Governor Li Chengyu.Upon learning that all the orphans are studying hard and with good results, Wen said with smile: "I have come to see, because I have kept you in my mind.""You are very unfortunate for losing your parents at a young age, but you are very lucky, as well, since there are lots of people in the country who have taken care of you and showed concern for you," said the premier, advising the children to walk out of the shadow of losing parents.He expressed his hopes that these children will study even harder to make themselves useful for the people, the nation and the society, in the future. He asked them to be happy and take an optimistic attitude toward life.Afterwards, the premier sang a song together with the children. He also visited their dormitory, played table tennis, and had lunch with them.Wen first visited Shangcai County in 2005 on the eve of Spring Festival, China's traditional Lunar New Year.The county in Henan is well known for high AIDS incidence caused by illegal blood deals in 1990s. Among 38 worst AIDS-hit villages in Henan, 22 are located in Shangcai.Premier Wen Jiabao chats with children at the Red Ribbon Home, an orphanage in Shangcai County, Henan Province November 30, 2007. [Xinhua]The premier's second stop was Wenlou village, home to 373 HIV carriers, one tenth of the village population. And 360 of them have developed AIDS."I came here two years ago," Wen told some AIDS patients and medical staff, while visiting the village's clinic.Kong Chunyi, one of the patients and a worker of the village's mushroom factory, said he has been quite fine with the help of the government's special policies for this group of people.The Chinese government provides AIDS patients, who have been covered by social security umbrella, with free medicine; provides free consultation to all those who are voluntary to consult on the disease; provides free schooling to AIDS-caused orphans; and provides free consultation, medical check, and medical treatment to pregnant women from areas which have been made exemplary for comprehensive control over AIDS, so as to reduce the spreading of HIV between mother and infant; and make all AIDS patients accessible to financial assistance from the government.During his visit, the premier showed his concern for the problem of drugfastness among some patients. He asked Health Minister Chen Zhu, who was with him, to study the issue.In talks with some medical staff working with the clinic, Wen thanked them for their devotion.The premier also encouraged the patients to be confident and optimistic to face the illness.Wenlou Village is a vegetable production base, but its products do not sell well due to prejudice by some outsiders. Wen called for greater awareness about the disease among the public so as to eliminate prejudice against AIDS patients."You can tell them that the premier has eaten Wenlou's vegetable today," he told the villagers.According to the villagers, with the help of the government, great changes have taken place at the village. The village is gradually out of the shadow of AIDS. About a dozen of children in the village go to college every year."I believe that Wenlou will become better and better day by day," said the premier.In Shangcai County, there are some "simulation families" formed by volunteer "parents" and AIDS-caused orphans.On Friday afternoon, the premier visited one of them with father Hu Shaoling, mother Zhang Ping, and four orphans.In his talks with the "family", Wen questioned the "family members" carefully. "It is not a matter of money, but a matter of passion," he said, upon learning that the "mother" only gets a pay of 500 yuan (about 67 U.S. dollars) per month.The premier told the kids, "Your 'dad' and 'mum' are caring and kind people. You must study hard. Don't forget them and treat them with filial respect when you grow up."At another "simulation family", with five orphans, Wen wrote an inscription, "Study hard for a beautiful future."Later the day, Wen presided over a workshop attended by experts and local officials. In his speech, the premier urged local people to prepare for a protracted war against AIDS.On the same day, Chinese President Hu Jintao visited doctors and communities in north Beijing, talking and shaking hands with HIV carriers to encourage the people "not to be daunted by HIV."An official report released on Thursday said that China officially reported 223,501 HIV contracted cases, including 62,838 AIDS patients, by October this year while about 700,000 people are estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS.

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Major travel agencies had cut prices of domestic group tours by an average 30 percent as of yesterday, as the weeklong National Day holiday approaches its conclusion.The discount trips cover some top attractions, including Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan Province, Lijiang in Yunnan Province, Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province and some spots in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Costs for outbound tours have also been cut.The prices of tours to Japan and the Republic of Korea have fallen by as much as 1,000 yuan (3), according to www.ctrip.com, a travel service company.The country's tourism market saw a peak yesterday, the National Holiday Office said in a statement.More than 90 percent of the hotel rooms in most tourist destinations were booked, the statement said.The office said the 119 scenic spots in its nationwide monitoring system had received 3.28 million tourists on Wednesday and 3.07 million yesterday.Beijing's mass transit railway system carried 3.74 million people during the first two days of the weeklong holiday, according to municipal metro authorities.The number was almost double the amount on a normal day.An official with the Beijing environmental sanitation group said tourists had left about a third of the garbage at Tian'anmen Square each day that they did last year.Sanitation workers cleared 26.6 tons of garbage from the square in the first two days of the holiday, compared with 80 tons last year.

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao delivers a keynote speech at a national meeting to honor 355 Chinese counties and cities as models in the work of "Shuangyong," in Beiing, on Jan. 4, 2008. Wen called for greater efforts to be made in the area of unity between the army and the government and between the army and the people. [Xinhua]Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Friday called for greater efforts to be made in the area of unity between the army and the government and between the army and the people.He issued the call at a national meeting to honor 355 Chinese counties and cities as models in the work of "Shuangyong.""Shuangyong" is a word used to convey the concept of mutual support, namely that "the government and the people support the military and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs, and the military supports the government and cherishes the people."Wen said: "It is of extreme importance to consolidate the solidarity between the military and the government and between the military and the people." He noted that doing so would safeguard the country's economic and social development and the building of a modernized armed force.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao presents awards to representatives during a national meeting to honor 355 Chinese counties and cities as models in the work of "Shuangyong," in Beiing, on Jan. 4, 2008. [Xinhua]Wen said that "shuangyong" had long been a good tradition and a unique political advantage for the Party, army and people.It is an irrefutable truth that "so long as the army and people are united as one, they can defeat any enemy," the premier said.Wen asked Party organizations and governments at all levels to put this work high on their agenda, strengthen guidance at grassroots levels, and incorporate the concept of "putting people first" into practice.