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The government of Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) logged 3.962 billion patacas (around 495 million U.S. dollars) in total revenue in January 2008, up 37 percent year-on-year, the government said.     The latest statistics released by the SAR government showed that a major share of the total revenue for January 2008 came from direct gaming taxes, which saw an increase of 30.9 percent year-on-year to 3.09 billion patacas (386 million U.S. dollars).     Thanks to the booming gaming industry in the island city, which has seen the opening of its 28th casino by the end of 2007, Macao's gaming taxes grew by 48 percent over the previous year to 29.3 billion patacas (3.7 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007, leading to an overall surplus of 21.8 billion patacas (2.7 billion U.S. dollars) in public finance, according to official statistics.     In its latest research report released Friday, the Bank of China Macao Branch forecast that due to the dynamic development of gaming and tourism industries and ballooning fixed-asset investment in the city, Macao's GDP will keep a growth rate of 13 percent in 2008, which is lower than the 27 percent rate of the previous year.

A court has upheld the life imprisonment sentence handed down to the former secretary of Shanghai's sacked Party chief Chen Liangyu, Caijing magazine said on its website on Friday.The Jilin Provincial High People's Court rejected the appeal of 43-year-old Qin Yu despite his insistence he deserved a lesser sentence.Qin argued that as well as freely confessing his involvement in the 3.7 billion yuan (2 million) social security fund embezzlement scandal, he provided a lot of information to aid the investigation, which toppled his boss Chen Liangyu.The high court, however, was unconvinced, and on Thursday upheld the life sentence verdict reached by the Changchun Intermediate People' Court on September 25 this year, the report said.Before becoming Chen's secretary in 1995, Qin worked as a university professor.He was made head of the Baoshan district government shortly before the investigation into the social security fund scandal officially began in July 2006.At his first trial, Qin was found guilty of taking bribes totaling 6.8 million yuan from Zhang Rongkun, the former chairman of the Feidian Investment Company.Zhang was the first person to be arrested in the scandal, which was exposed more than a year ago.It later brought down several high-ranking officials including the former Shanghai Party chief, Chen.He is the highest-ranking Party official to be axed in more than a decade.Zhang's case is still pending.Meanwhile, in an unrelated case, on Thursday, Wang Chengming, the former chairman of Shanghai Electric Group Co and former president of Shanghai SVA (Group) Co Ltd, was given the death penalty with a reprieve for his involvement in collective embezzlement and taking bribes.While he was president of Shanghai SVA, Wang and two other senior business executives, Yan Jinbao and Lu Tianming, pocketed more than 300 million yuan from illegal land transfer deals in Shanghai, a statement by the Changchun Intermediate People's Court said.Yan was sentenced to life imprisonment and Lu was given 15 years, the Caijing website said.Xinhua contributed to the story

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BEIJING -- China may entirely switch to non-food materials such as cassva, sweet potato, sorgo and cellulose in producing ethanol fuel as a substitute for petroleum, said a government official. The country would approve no projects designed to produce ethanol fuel with food from now on, an official of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) told a seminar on China's fuel ethanol development held in Beijing on Saturday. "Food-based ethanol fuel will not be the direction for China," said Xu Dingming, vice director of the Office of the National Energy Leading Group, who was also at the seminar. China has been trying to avoid occupation of arable land, consumption of large amount of grain and damages to the environment in developing the renewable energies. The current four enterprises engaged in producing corn-based ethanol would be asked to switch to non-food materials gradually, according to the NDRC official who declined to be named. The four enterprises in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan and Anhui have a combined production capacity of 1.02 million tons of corn-based ethanol per year. The country has become a big producer and consumer of ethanol fuel in the world after the United States, Brazil and European Union, according to the NDRC official. China Oil and Food Corporation (COFCO), the country's largest oil and food importer and exporter, would focus on sorgo in the production of non-food-based ethanol fuel, said Yu Xubo, president of COFCO at the seminar. COFCO, which owns the Heilongjiang enterprise and has a twenty-percent stake in the Anhui enterprise, aims to produce five million tons of ethanol fuel based on sorgo in the near future. COFCO is leading the way in developing cellulosic ethanol fuel under a cooperation agreement with Denmark-based Novozymes, which leads the world in researches into the key enzymes needed in large-scale production of cellulosic ethanol. The current cost for producing ethanol fuel from stalks of corn, which are discarded by farmers, is still too high. Novozymes is working on the commercialization of cellulosic ethanol both in the United States and China. "We are optimistic about China's prospect of making it work ahead of the US, as the cost of collecting the stalks of corn are much cheaper in China," said Steen Riisgaard, president and CEO of Novozymes. There is much opposition both in China and in the world to corn-based ethanol fuel, which is believed will lead to higher corn price.

WASHINGTON - The Bush administration is imposing further trade sanctions against China, South Korea and Indonesia in a dispute involving glossy paper. The decision, announced Wednesday by Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez, came a week after US and Chinese officials met for a second round of high-level talks aimed at lowering trade tensions between the two nations. "This administration continues to aggressively and transparently enforce our trade laws to ensure a level playing field for American manufacturers, workers and farmer," Gutierrez said in a statement announcing the decision. In the new ruling, the government determined that imports from the three countries of glossy paper - used in art books, textbooks and high-end magazines - were being sold in the United States at less than fair value, a process known as dumping. The dumping penalties will be collected immediately although they will not become final until this fall after further investigations are conducted. The preliminary dumping penalty for the paper products from China ranged from 23.19 percent to 99.65 percent. The dumping penalty imposed on imports of glossy paper from Indonesia was 10.85 percent while the penalty on South Korean imports ranged as high as 30.86 percent. These dumping penalties will be imposed on top of economic sanctions levied in March after the administration found that paper companies from those three countries were receiving improper government subsidies that allowed them to undercut the price of American producers. The March decision reversed 23 years of US trade policy by treating China, which is classified as a nonmarket economy, in the same way other US trading partners are treated in disputes involving government subsidies. The paper case was brought by NewPage Corp., a Dayton, Ohio-based paper company which contended that its coated paper was facing unfair competition because of the government subsidies and sale of imports at unfairly low prices. The government trade sanctions have received the support of the United Steel Workers union, which represents about 90 percent of the workforce in the US coated paper industry. The glossy paper is produced at 22 paper mills in 13 states. The penalties in the case involving government subsidies are known as countervailing duties. In that case, the trade sanctions ranged as high as 20.35 percent for Chinese glossy paper imports, 1.76 percent for South Korean imports and 21.24 percent for Indonesia. Chinese officials denounced the decision in the government subsidies case saying that it went against the consensus of both countries to resolve disputes through dialogue rather than imposing trade sanctions. The second round of the Strategic Economic Dialogue, which was launched by Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson in December, was held in Washington last week. Paulson and Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi announced a series of modest agreements including the boosting of airline flights between the two nations. But they failed to make progress in one of the biggest rade irritants, the value of China's currency, which American manufacturers contended is being kept artificially low against the dollar to give Chinese companies unfair advantages against US firms.

The country's trade surplus last month continued its downward trend, with efforts to curb exports paying off and imports rising, authorities said on Friday.Figures from customs authorities showed the trade surplus last month was .49 billion, below December's .7 billion and the record high of .1 billion set in October last year."For the first time since May, the trade surplus is under billion," customs said on its website.Exports rose 26.7 percent from a year earlier to 9.66 billion, while imports rose 27.6 percent to .17 billion, the government agency said. Import growth outpaced exports for the fourth month in a row.Experts said the surplus dropped due to policies put in place last year to curb exports. The authorities had introduced a raft of policies since early last year, including VAT cuts, to discourage exports of energy-intensive, polluting products."China's policies to encourage imports and cut the trade surplus are also helping a lot," Zhang Xinfa, an economist with Beijing-based China Galaxy Securities, said.As a result of the tightening policy, the processing trade last month was .85 billion, up 15.8 percent year on year. But the growth rate slowed by 9.9 points compared with the same period last year.The appreciation of the yuan also played a role in curbing exports."Many exporters are facing difficulties due to rising costs and the yuan's appreciation, and export momentum will ease in the coming months," Li Yushi, a researcher on trade with the Ministry of Commerce, said.According to Li Peng, spokesman for Asia Footwear Association, more than 1,000 shoe factories in Guangdong province closed down last year.The firms went bankrupt due to high costs driven by the removal of an export tax refund, a stronger yuan, rising raw material prices and labor costs, Li said.The stronger yuan also makes imports cheaper, which is one reason behind the strength seen in Friday's data, Zhang said.The European Union remained as China's largest trade partner last month, with bilateral trade of .28 billion, up 30.1 percent year on year.The EU was followed by the United States. Trade between China and the US last month increased by 12.2 percent year on year to .23 billion, despite looming recession in the US economy.China's trade surplus last year stood at 2.2 billion, with total trade volume hitting a new high of .17 trillion, up 23.5 percent from a year earlier.

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The four-day Beijing air quality exercise held earlier in the month was met with mixed reaction.Diverse opinions were expressed by private car owners and public transport users.During the four days, cars bearing odd and even license plates were allowed on the roads on alternate days to see what effect this would have on the reduction of air pollution.According to a survey by Beijing Youth Daily, 61.9 percent of car owners opposed the practice in a long run while 78.2 percent of public transport users lauded it. The survey covered 3,000 residents.On the positive side, the exercise between August 17 and 20, showed a reduction in haze and smoother traffic flow.On the negative side, it has sparked further debate on the number of vehicles in the capital. About 1,000 new cars are registered every day in the city.Car owners argued that smoother traffic comes at the expense of individuals' convenience."Does being a car owner mean you have limited rights? That would be cruel and inhuman," Wang Hongsheng, head of the Volkswagen Polo club in Beijing, said.Fifty-seven percent of car owners shared his opinion.Among non-drivers, 21.9 percent did not think the even-odd plate exercise was a reasonable, scientific way to gauge air quality."It is an arbitrary way of stripping car owners of their rights. They pay for the convenience," a respondent said.Apart from the purchase price, the cost of owning a car in Beijing ranges from 10,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan (,300 to ,900) a year, he said.The survey also showed 36 percent of car owners were in favor of "public transport if managed well"."People are fed up with the poor condition of buses, and the metro where people are packed like sardines," another said.On options to improve traffic conditions, 49.9 percent said efficiency and lowering public transport fares should top the government's agenda instead of restricting car-ownership.Twenty-six percent of respondents said more roads and bridges should be built to reduce congestion, 14.5 percent were in favor of more flexible parking fees in relation to localities, and 9.5 percent said the use of bicycles, and walking should be promoted.

The Chinese-African People's Friendship Association (CAPFA) will nominate 10 Africans Who Have Deeply Moved Chinese People next month, in a moved aimed at cementing civilian diplomacy between the two sides.The 10 candidates are expected to be unveiled at the next Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FCAC) late next year.Chen Haosu"CAPFA's recognition will benefit both peoples by enhancing mutual understanding and trust," Chen Haosu, president of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, said.The awards will go to Africans "who have made great contributions to bilateral ties", Wang Tong, an representative of the CAPFA, said, adding that the association is identifying criteria of eligible candidates.The first round of nominations will involve all 131 councilors of the CAPFA, Liu Hongmin, also from the association, said."Our councilors include big Chinese entrepreneurs such as Huawei Technologies and ZTE, among others," he said. "They are the most suitable to put forward nominees because of their significant investments in Africa."Liu said the 10 winners will be just one part of the second China-Africa Friendship Award. The other part will be the 10 Chinese Who Have Deeply Moved the African People. This will be the second time such awards have been givenThe first 10 winners - which included doctors, journalists, scholars and politicians - were announced in Beijing during the FCAC in November 2006."These awards reflect sincere friendship and intense people-to-people communication, though China and Africa are distant from each other," Dai Yan, a former councilor in Ghana, said."But both peoples still have a long way to go to truly understand each other because of cultural differences," he said. More African people have traveled to China as bilateral ties have developed over the past years.The number of Africans coming to Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong province, has increased by 30 percent every year since 2003. Most of these newcomers are traders.The city now has about 20,000 African residents, Huang Shiding, of the Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences, estimated.Beyond the world of business, "500-600 African students are studying in universities and colleges in Beijing," Wang said.Meanwhile, on the other side of the globe, a growing number of Chinese people have settled down in Africa.In one reflection of the impact they are making, people in Nigeria crowned tribal chieftains from China in 2001 and 2007.

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LOS ANGELES - More Chinese tourists are expected to visit the United States as new travel rules between the two nations are pending, a report said on Sunday.Southern California is a likely destination for middle- and upper-class visitors with money to spend, said the Los Angeles Times.Travels agencies are preparing for what they hope could be a boom in new Chinese tourism to the United States that is expected to occur next year.Both nations are finalizing a deal to ease entry restrictions and lift a ban in China on promoting travel to the United States, according to the paper.The negotiations have been going on for several years, but China's government news agencies and sources at the US Commerce Department said a deal should be completed within the next few weeks, said the paper.The new travel rules are expected to be a particular boom to Southern California, which already sees more Chinese tourists - 110,000 in Los Angeles County last year - than anywhere else in the United States. But travel officials expect that number to grow significantly if more members of China's emerging middle and upper classes are able to travel to the region for vacations.China's travel industry is currently prohibited from marketing the United States as a travel destination because of disputes over the strict entry process initiated after 9/11 - a reality that US officials blame on the need for national security and concerns about visitors overstaying their visas, said the paper.

BEIJING - More than 50 people in the Chinese capital have been fined for spitting during the week-long May Day holidays, according to officials in charge of the city's image. Beijing's management department and civilization promotion office have jointly sent five inspection teams to patrol the downtown Wangfujing pedestrian street, Tian'anmen Square, commercial centers and railway stations to stop people from spitting, littering, random posting of advertisements and scrawling. By Sunday, 56 people were fined for spitting and refusing to correct the bad habit, according to the teams. The officials also handed out more than 10,000 bags to tourists, reminding them not to litter. The government is now anxious to correct the embarrassing habits of Chinese travelers ahead of next year's Olympics Games. And there is no better opportunity of doing it than the May Day travel spree, when an estimated 150 million Chinese will be on the road. The China National Tourism Administration has issued a circular, making travel agencies and tour guides responsible for correcting tourists' bad behavior during the holidays. Jumping the line, spitting, littering and clearing one's throat loudly in public are some of the frequently observed practices among Chinese travelers, according to a guideline prepared and released last year by the Spiritual Civilization Steering Committee (SCSC) of the Chinese Communist Party, the official etiquette watchdog. "We are supposed to remind people constantly throughout the tour, and also lead an etiquette discussion at the end of the tour," said Huang Xiaohui, a travel guide with a Beijing-based travel agency. "The Olympics are coming, and we don't want to get disgraced," Huang said, summing up the purpose succinctly.