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China on Friday issued its first regulation on human organ transplants, banning organizations and individuals from trading human organs in any form.The regulation, issued by the State Council, or China's cabinet, will go into effect on May 1.The regulation does not apply to transplants of human tissue, such as cells, cornea and marrow.Human organ transplants are defined as the process of taking a human organ or part of a human organ - such as the heart, lung, liver, kidney and pancreas - from a donor and transplanting it into a patient's body to replace his or her sick or damaged organ.The regulation stipulates that human organ transplants should respect the principle of being voluntary and free donation.The regulation comprises 32 articles in five chapters, including human organ donations, human organ transplants, legal responsibilities and supplementary points. It covers transplant quality and aims to safeguard citizen's lawful rights.

Chief judge Xiao Yang has pledged to keep up the fight against judicial corruption after the nation's court system rooted out 292 judges last year because of unethical deeds. Greater efforts would be made this year to build a "clean court system", Xiao, president of the Supreme People's Court (SPC), said in an interview with China Daily. "We must never relax our vigilance on corruption," he said, after he reported to the National People's Congress in early March that, last year, 292 judges were subjected to power abuse investigations, with 109 of them prosecuted. The number of judges charged with corruption was 378 in 2005 and 461 in 2004. However, Xiao, who has been SFC president since 1998, said he had ongoing fears about the "grave situation" of judicial corruption. The 69-year-old chief judge said he "lost sleep" because he was so deeply disturbed by reports of corruption, especially those involving court officials. Corruption involving judges, though in small number, damaged the image of the country's court system and undermined the credibility of the justice system. "We will continue to be serious in handling the official corruption cases," he said. In 2006, two high-level group corruption cases were reported by the Chinese court system. The first involved three top judges from Fuyang Intermediate People's Court in East China's Anhui Province, who were arrested for taking bribes since 2005. Two of the former judges were sentenced to 9 and 10 years respectively, with the other one still on trial. The second case involved five senior judges from Shenzhen's Intermediate People's Court in South China. Three of them were sentenced to jail terms ranging from 3.5 to 11 years, with the other two still on trial. Corrupt judges have disrupted the working of the court system and sometimes resulted in wrong verdicts, Xiao said. A "firewall" against corruption will be consolidated, he said, with the apex court on its way to make four important sets of rules on fee charges, court discipline, judge discipline, and court supervision. The first two sets of rules will be implemented this year, with the other two released for public comment. Of the new rules to be released, he said, court officials are barred from using their influence to seek price discounts in any transactions, to occupy properties under other people's ownership, to collect or to spend money through gambling, to have personal investment managers, or to seek benefits for their family members. Also, beginning last year, the court introduced an "anti-corruption deposit" system. If a 22-year-old court staff member deposits 500 yuan () every year and does not do anything illegal, he will get 300,000 yuan (,600) upon retirement - including his premium and reward.

Beijing has fined more than 50 people for spitting in the past week's holiday, a report said on Monday, as Beijing steps up a campaign to "civilize" the city before the 2008 Olympics. Officials also handed out more than 10,000 bags to tourists to try to keep them from littering as inspection teams fanned out across the city's tourist sites during the week-long Labor Day holiday, when hundreds of millions take to the roads. "The Olympics are coming, and we don't want to get disgraced," Xinhua news agency quoted travel guide Huang Xiaohui as saying. Guides had been instructed to remind tourists not to spit, litter or jump queues, and lead an "etiquette discussion" at the end of the tour, the report said, citing a circular issued by the China National Tourism Administration. China also has an official etiquette watchdog, the Spiritual Civilization Steering Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, which aims to curb uncivilized behavior. Chinese officials have expressed concern about rudeness and public spitting habits and launched campaigns to cultivate courtesy and civility, keen to ensure nothing mars Beijing's image during the Olympic Games. Among the initiatives, the 11th day of every month is now "voluntarily wait in line" day, designed to stamp out pushing and shoving in favor of orderly queues.

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Construction workers toil on the roof of a new building being erected in Beijing April 1, 2007. [Reuters]Stronger-than-expected economic figures have prompted a number of international economic research institutions to revise upwards their forecasts for China's gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Almost all the major economic indexes in the first two months of this year have exceeded those for the same period last year. "The country's GDP growth in the first quarter will be faster than in the equivalent period last year and also that of the previous quarter," Chen Dongqi, deputy director of the Institute of Economic Research of the National Development and Reform Commission, said. The State Information Center has adjusted its GDP growth forecast for the first quarter from 10.2 percent to about 11 percent. Despite the government last year adopting a number of tightening measures, economic growth has shown clear signs of rebounding in the past quarter. Statistics show that urban fixed-asset investment picked up moderately to 23.4 percent year-on-year in January-February, and from about 20 percent in the fourth quarter of last year, reversing the trend of a gradual slowdown since last July. Meanwhile, the trade surplus registered a massive leap of 230 percent, and retail sales were up 14.7 percent on the first two months of last year. "Industrial growth is a key driving force behind overall economic growth, and power generation is also a useful indicator," Chen said. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, China's industrial output rose 18.5 percent year-on-year while industrial profits soared 43.8 percent in the first two months. Growth in power generation also accelerated to 16.6 percent year-on-year from less than 14 percent in the same period last year. Despite expectations the government will introduce another round of tightening measures soon, global investment bank, Lehman Brothers, still revised up its forecast for the Chinese economy. According to a recent report by the firm, the first quarter growth forecast has been raised from 9.8 percent to 10.1 percent, and the annual growth rate from 9.6 percent to 9.8 percent. "In the light of the stronger-than-expected figures in the first two months of this year and the likely policy responses, we have lifted our full-year growth projections for this year to 10 percent from 9.1 percent, based mainly on stronger growth in credit, investment and exports," Qu Hongbin, the chief China economist with HSBC, said. Domestic banks extended new loans of 982 billion yuan (7 billion) in the first two months of this year compared with 716 billion yuan ( billion) in the same period of 2006. The government forecast early last month that the country's GDP is to grow by about 8 percent this year. The country has just witnessed four consecutive years of double-digit growth, including 10.7 percent GDP growth last year, the fastest in a decade. The latest official forecast reflects the authorities' determination to shift the focus of economic growth from quantity to quality.

The central government has ordered coal firms to stop driving up prices and said they must honor their supply contracts with power plants in an effort to head off a power shortage.At the request of the National Development and Reform Commission, the China Coal Transportation and Distribution Association has threatened to cancel the license of any company that ignores the order to stabilize prices."Coal producers must strictly implement their contract prices for 2008 and must not take advantage of the current tight supply to raise prices as they like," the association said in a circular issued yesterday.Prices should be held at around the same level as at the end of last year, the circular said.The government is also banning all coal shipments other than those to power plants.The crackdown comes as the country faces a severe power shortage. Several power plants are struggling to secure the coal they need, while others are reducing their output rather than lose money as coal prices soar.Brownouts have already hit at least 13 provinces, and at its peak last week, nationwide demand outstripped supply by nearly 70 gigawatts, the People's Daily newspaper reported yesterday.About 80 percent of China's electricity is generated by burning coal.The crackdown on unsafe mines, high global demand, which pushed up prices and the cold snap that has closed roads and downed cables have added to the problem, an official from the State regulator said.

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CHENGDU: Halfway up the Longquan Mountain sits a tiny village where Fu Qing used to live with her parents.Each morning, the young girl would get up at 6:30 am and after breakfast, walk for 40 minutes along a winding mountain path to the nearest primary school.In winter, she would often become anxious toward the end of the school day, concerned she might not make it home before sunset.But these days, the 14-year-old no longer has to worry about long lonely walks on dark mountain paths.Along with 3,164 other children from Longquan Mountain, Fu now attends a boarding school in Chengdu's Longquanyi district. Exempt from tuition and lodging fees, each student also receives 130 yuan a month for meals and bus fares, and two new uniforms each year.The youngsters are all part of the Golden Phoenix Project, a pilot program that aims to provide better schooling for children from Chengdu's rural areas. Authorities in the Sichuan capital hope it will also better prepare them for urban life.Longquanyi covers an area of about 500 sq km, two-fifths of which is mountainous. About 60,000 people live in the mountains, most of them farmers.Fu's former primary school was in Chadian, a village located at the very heart of Longquan Mountain. It had just six classrooms and on rainy days, the roof leaked.Once the rain had stopped the students would have to repaint the blackboards with ink, which would get washed off in the downpour. And at the start of every semester, Fu and her classmates had to carry their desks and chairs to school, because there was no money to buy new ones.In the evening, Fu would make dinner for herself and her mother, who spent her days growing beans and fruit on the mountain. Fu's father worked at a construction site in Chengdu.The local government launched the Golden Phoenix Project in 2005 in a bid to bring youngsters like Fu down from the mountain and into middle schools in the towns.As well as providing them with financial support, the authorities allocated 160 million yuan for the construction of a boarding school, which, on its completion next year, will be able to accommodate 5,000 students.Fu is one of 1,840 students from mountain villages currently living and studying at the almost-complete school, which boasts 121 teachers, including 20 who act in loco parentis.And rather than having to repaint the blackboard after each downpour, Fu now enjoys computer studies and physical education classes when she gets to run on the rubberized athletics track, something she had never even seen before.The new school is helping provide Fu not only with an education, but also a real insight into urban living.Since she has been there, she has learned how to use a flush toilet, for example, and understand traffic lights.Her biggest dream is to finish her education and become an office worker in the city.Thanks to the Golden Phoenix Project, all middle-school-aged children from Longquanyi's mountainous areas attend boarding schools in nearby towns.The district government is now planning to spend a further 40 million yuan to establish similar schools for primary students.Zhou Jiping, head of Chengdu's education bureau, said: "The Golden Phoenix Project is just one of the efforts being made here to ensure the balanced development of urban and rural education."Children studying under the project often perform better than their peers from urban areas, he said.Over the past four years, local authorities have spent 1 billion yuan on the construction and renovation of 400 schools in rural areas. Rural students are exempt from tuition fees for compulsory education and from next year, they will also be provided with free textbooks."By doing so, we hope to give all kids in Chengdu a fair and equal start," Zhou said.

China will cooperate more with the European Union (EU) to develop safety and security criteria for products, a leading official from the top product quality supervision authority said Wednesday.To increase joint efforts to establish a product safety control system, the two sides have agreed to establish a joint information platform for industrial products, Wei Chuanzhong, vice-minister of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), said."We will assess what it will take to set up a database for the platform by the end of this year," Wei said."The information platform will help solve problems arising from bilateral trade, providing a more effective way to push forward win-win trade development," Wei said.Wei made the remarks after the sixth annual meeting of the Negotiating Mechanism on Sino-EU Industrial Product and WTO/TBT (World Trade Organization/technical bar-riers to trade), which took place in Beijing Wednesday.Under the negotiating mechanism, which was launched early in 2002, China and the EU have set up 10 working groups covering trade issues in several industrial sectors, such as textiles, medical devices, electrical and mechanical devices, chemicals and cosmetics.He said a four-month product-safety inspection campaign launched by the AQSIQ is currently underway nationwide.Prior to yesterday's meeting, the EU also signed the first agreement for cooperation on pharmaceuticals and related products with the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration, according to the delegation of the European Commission to China."We will not impose any discriminative supervision regulations on Chinese products exported to the EU market. Instead, we are willing to offer technological support to Chinese enterprises to ensure an effective control over product safety," Heinz Zourek, director general for Enterprise and Industry of the European Commission, said.

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WASHINGTON - US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson will visit China's largest lake next week on a trip that will highlight global environmental challenges. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson speaks during an interview with Reuters in Washington July 2, 2007. [AP]Paulson will also hold talks in Beijing with President Hu Jintao that will focus on the Strategic Economic Dialogue, high-level discussions launched last year in an effort to deal with economic tensions between the US and China. "This trip is part of an ongoing process to strengthen our strategic economic relationship - to address long-term issues such as working with China to rebalance its growth and increase the flexibility of its currency and also to address short-term issues as they arise," Paulson said Tuesday in announcing the trip. Paulson will begin the trip with a visit July 30 to Qinghai Lake, the largest lake in the country and an example of some of the environmental challenges facing China as it struggles to deal with pollution. "The only way to make progress on climate change is to engage all the large economies, developed and developing, to work toward embracing cleaner technology and reducing emissions," Paulson said. "What's happening with the environment in the middle of China not only affects the local climate and economy but also the global climate and economy." Paulson will meet on July 31 in Beijing with Hu and Vice Premier Wu Yi, who is leading the Chinese side in the strategic dialogue talks. The administration is coming under pressure from Congress to show results from these discussions, particularly in the area of currency values. American manufacturers contend that the yuan is undervalued by as much as 40 percent, which makes Chinese products cheaper for US consumers but makes it more difficult for US products to be sold in China. The first strategic dialogue session was held in Beijing last December with a follow-up meeting in Washington in May. The two countries have pledged to meet twice a year with the next session to take place in China later this year. An exact date has not yet been announced. The Treasury Department said in a statement announcing the trip that Paulson in his meetings with Chinese leaders would raise issues of concern to Congress as well as follow up on issues that were identified as priority items at the May meeting of the strategic dialogue. US lawmakers have grown increasingly unhappy as America's trade deficit with China has soared, hitting 3 billion last year, the largest ever recorded with a single country and one-third of the US total deficit with the rest of the world. Various bills have been introduced that would require the administration to take a harder line on the currency issue including pursuing economic sanctions if China does not move more quickly to allow its currency to rise in value against the dollar. China has reiterated that it does not manipulate its currency and the currency reforms are moving as quickly as the developing economy and financial system will allow.

WASHINGTON - Post-menopausal Chinese women who eat a Western-style diet heavy in meat and sweets face a higher risk of breast cancer than their counterparts who stick to a typical Chinese diet loaded with vegetables and soy, a study found. The researchers, writing on Tuesday in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, tracked about 3,000 women in Shanghai, about half of whom were diagnosed with breast cancer. Post-menopausal women who ate a Western-style diet -- beef, pork, shrimp, chicken, candy, desserts and dairy products -- were 60 percent more likely to develop breast cancer than those eating a diet based on vegetables and soy, the study found. The study found the increased risk most acute for cancer involving so-called estrogen-receptor positive tumors. The post-menopausal women with the Western-style diet experienced a 90 percent increased risk for this type of breast cancer. One of the researchers, Marilyn Tseng of the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, said the study detected a much smaller increased breast cancer risk among younger women on a Western-style diet which was not statistically significant. Tseng noted that breast cancer rates among Asian women traditionally have been low but have been rising in recent years. Some experts have suspected that the adoption of a more Western diet may be at least partly to blame. "The increase in risk did appear to be due to the increase in red-meat intake," Tseng said in a telephone interview. "But we didn't do specific analyses to see if it could have been due to other parts of a western diet, like the high intake of desserts or high intake of dairy." The findings also suggested such a diet may increase breast cancer likelihood by increasing obesity, the researchers said. "We are the first to find evidence for an increased risk of breast cancer for a Western-style dietary pattern in an Asian population," the researchers wrote. They detected two dietary patterns in the women, who were diagnosed with their cancer from 1996 to 1998 and were subsequently interviewed about what they ate. One was a "vegetable-soy" pattern based on tofu, cauliflower, beans, bean sprouts and green leafy vegetables, with not much meat. The other was a "meat-sweet" pattern among women gravitating away from typical Chinese fare in favor of more Western foods. "Most studies have tended to look at single dietary factors. And what was unique about this study is that we tried to describe patterns of intake -- foods that go together, that seem to occur together in the diet," Tseng said.