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大学生思想政治教育工作的作用

NANJING, Aug. 15 (Xinhua) -- An antiwar cartoon exhibition displaying works by 110 Japanese artists opened in the eastern Chinese city of Nanjing Saturday to mark the 64th anniversary of Japan's surrender in World War II.     The exhibition, jointly organized by the Memorial Hall of the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre and the Japanese non-governmental association of "My Aug. 15," will last three moths.     About 160 cartoon works will be displayed, the first time the exhibition is held outside Japan, the organizers said.     Most of the authors of the cartoons were born before Aug. 15, 1945 and had deep memories about the war. In addition, many of them lived in different parts of China with their parents at that time and learned of the news of Japan's surrender in China. Many years later, they produced a group of works with the theme of "My Aug. 15," conveying their condemnation about the war atrocities and reflection on the militaristic brutality.     The exhibition was divided into four parts according to the authors' ages when Japan surrendered, "above 16," "8-15," "5-7" and "below four."     Nine prestigious Japanese cartoonists, along with about 100 people from several Japanese NGOs, attended the opening ceremony of the exhibition Saturday.     "It tells a true story," said 70-year-old artist Kenji Morita, pointing to his own work "Thanks to Adoptive Chinese Parents."     "Although Japan was an invader, many Chinese parents still helped raise Japanese children orphaned by the war," he said.     Leading Japanese manga artist Tetsuya Chiba also recalled the war past he experienced in China.     "I was in Shenyang (capital of northeast China's Liaoning Province) the day when Japan's surrender in World War II was announced by the late Emperor Hirohito over radio. I was only six then, and I couldn't really understand what happened," Chiba told Xinhua.     "I didn't manage to return to Japan immediately, so I spent a very hard year in China after Japan's surrender. But I met a very nice Chinese couple, they gave me food even when they didn't have enough to eat. When we separated, they gave me a blanket. I kept the blanket for years until I met their offspring," he said.     "Aug. 15 is a meaningful day for both China and Japan, whether to mark the victory or to introspect the war. The day reminds us to be against wars," he added.

LONDON, Sept. 5 (Xinhua) -- Britain hopes to further expand cooperation with China in economic, financial and trade sectors, Business Secretary Lord Mandelson said Saturday.     In a written interview with Xinhua on the eve of his visit to China, Mandelson, also the First Secretary of State, said economic and political relations between Britain and China are very strong.     The High-Level Economic & Financial Dialogue would lead to collaboration in areas such as the development of financial services, the protection of intellectual property rights, and the establishment of a comprehensive social security system in China, Mandelson said.     During Mandelson's visit, which begins Monday, he will give a speech at a low carbon business solution event in Beijing attended by about 250 British and Chinese companies. He will also sign a "Sustainable City" memorandum of understanding with Changsha, the capital of south central China's Hunan province.     "The UK is keen to share its low carbon technology," Mandelson said, noting that Britain would like to export even more high-tech goods to China.     Mandelson said the UK, by far, is the largest European investor in China and transfers much of its technology to the country through wholly owned subsidiaries and joint ventures.     The business secretary expressed hope that China would improve its regulations to facilitate British companies' participation in its hi-tech sectors.     China, Mandelson said, has taken every measure possible to mitigate the impact of the global financial crisis, which also has contributed to the recovery of the world economy.     He called China's huge stimulus package "a very impressive commitment to rebuilding its economy and the welcome effects are already being felt."     China has contributed to the rebalancing of the world economy by re-orienting its own growth model to stimulate domestic consumption, the business secretary said.     Meanwhile, Mandelson also expected China to play a bigger part in pushing forward multilateral trade talks     "I hope China will play an important role in achieving a conclusion to the Doha Development Round and I hope that the global recession has provided a sense of renewed urgency for this agreement", he said.     As the former EU Trade Commissioner, Mandelson has never shied from voicing his objections to protectionism.     Imposing tariffs on imports, he said, creates distortions in the global economy, which result in poverty and inequality.     Trade is essential to the prosperity of the world economy and remains one of the main avenues open to increase productivity and growth, he said.     "I hope that UK and China's joint efforts to foster closer trade and investment links in China's rapidly developing regional business centers will stimulate and serve to support new business partnerships," the business secretary said.     Mandelson said China's process of gradually opening its capital market would deepen the capital and expertise available to Chinese companies as they increasingly look to expand overseas.     "We are equally keen to work with the Chinese authorities and markets to enable foreign firms to list on its exchanges," he said.     "We are very supportive of the State Council's desire for Shanghai to develop into a truly international financial center over the next 10 to 15 years and believe that an important step to building this profile will be the continued growth and diversification of China's capital markets."     Mandelson also emphasized that there are many benefits from an internationalized Chinese yuan, which would promote greater stability in global foreign exchange markets.     "A more widely traded Chinese currency will help Chinese companies win business in overseas markets," he said, "And a more market-oriented exchange rate will help China re-orient its economy towards domestic consumption, which would be in China's own interests."     When it comes to the climate change issue, Mandelson noted that China is making strong efforts to reduce the growth of its greenhouse gas emissions. He pointed out that China currently aims to reduce consumption of energy per unit of GDP by 20 percent between 2005 and 2010.     "Tackling climate change is a win-win business opportunity for both the UK and China," he said.     Mandelson also called for international cooperation to deal with the world's other thorny issues.     The global downturn has powerfully illustrated how important it is to have constructive engagement at the international level, he said.     "We need international solutions to financial regulation, to tackling pollution and in fighting proliferation and terrorism. These are global challenges that require a global response," Mandelson said.

BEIJING, Aug. 1 (Xinhua) -- China will implement a nation-wide investigation to find more research and development (R&D) resources to promote the country's agriculture, manufacturing, information technologies and other major industries.      The investigation will provide basic scientific data for policy-making of the nation's social and economic development during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-2015), the Ministry of Science and Technology said in a circular on its official website Saturday.     It will also help the government monitor and evaluate the ability to make independent innovation as an effort to make China an innovation-oriented country, it said.     Six ministries and commissions of the State Council, China's Cabinet, will jointly conduct and finish the investigation by the end of the year. The first such investigation was conducted in 2000.     Statisticians around the nation will survey R&D-intensive enterprises and institutions in all the major industries.     The survey will focus on the personnel, spending, equipment, projects and institutions for research and development.     Moreover, many experts believe the investigation will help China stop wasteful spending in scientific research and promote the national sharing of resources, such as to stop squandering money in redundant purchases of laboratory equipment.     China's 2008 research and development spending of the GDP was 457 billion yuan (66.9 billion U.S.     dollars), an increase of 23.2 percent from 2007, accounting for 1.52 percent of the annual GDP.

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BEIJING, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- A grand military parade will be held at the heart of Beijing Thursday morning to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, underscoring the country's self-defensive policy.     "As an important force safeguarding world peace and development, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) will continue pursuing a national defense policy that is defensive in nature and pose no threat to other countries," said Lieutenant General Fang Fenghui, commander-in-chief of the parade and commander of PLA Beijing Military Area Command in an interview with Xinhua.     "We will stick to our country's policy to safeguard world peace and promote common development," Fang said.     China adheres to a long-standing defensive policy of "no first use of nuclear weapons" from the very beginning it developed its nuclear ammunition, Fang said.     Addressing the United Nations Security Council nuclear summit in New York on Sept. 24, 2009, Chinese President Hu Jintao proposed that all nuclear weapon states abandon the nuclear deterrence policy based on first use of nuclear weapons and take credible steps to reduce the threat of nuclear weapons.     "To realize a safer world for all, we must first and foremost remove the threat of nuclear war," Hu said. "All nuclear-weapon states should make an unequivocal commitment of unconditionally not using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones, and conclude a legally-binding international instrument in this regard."     According to the White Paper "China's National Defense in 2008"released on Jan. 20 this year, China noted that its nuclear missiles of the Second Artillery Force "are not aimed at any country in peacetime."     China has been reporting on its national defense policy in a white paper every two years since 1998, introducing its national defense policy, the structure and development of the forces, the budgets and use of defense expenditure.     Chinese leaders have made repeated commitments to world peace and development since the nation's founding in 1949.     "For now and in the future, China would never seek hegemony, nor would we turn to military expansion or arms race with other countries," Chinese President Hu Jintao told heads of 29 foreign navy delegations attending the PLA Navy celebration in Qingdao on April 23, 2009.     "China will unswervingly stick to the road of peaceful development, which demands China to adhere to the defensive national defense policy," Hu said.     During the process of reform and opening up, the Chinese army takes it as the fundamental purpose to safeguard world peace, development and stability, as well as national sovereignty, security and development.     Wang Xinjun, a research fellow of warring theory and strategy at the PLA Military Science Academy, said defensive armaments were the majority of the PLA ammunitions as offensive weapons account for a very small proportion of its depot.     "This is the most distinctive aspect that makes PLA different from the troops in other countries," Wang said. "The core of Chinese military strategy lies in defensiveness rather than offensiveness."     Preparing to disclose many of its latest national defense strength in the parade, China holds on to its goal of a peaceful development.     "What poses threat to another country is not one country's military strength, but the policy it follows," said Major General Gao Jianguo, spokesman for the joint headquarters for the parade in Beijing.     "China unswervingly persists in taking a road of peaceful development, striving for a harmonious world that highlights global peace and common prosperity," Gao said. "Our military ties with foreign countries are based on equality, mutual trust and cooperation."     Through non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting at any third party, China has established military ties with more than 150 countries and set up military attaché offices in 109 countries. Meanwhile, 101 countries have set up military attaché offices in China.     Among the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, China currently sends the most peacekeepers. More than 13,000 Chinese peacekeepers have carried out 18 UN peacekeeping operations since China's first dispatch of military observers to such operations in 1990.     Since the end of last year, the Chinese navy has carried out escort missions in the waters of the Gulf of Aden off Somali and has escorted more than 800 ships.

BEIJING, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- China's consumer price index (CPI) decline pace would slow down in the second half and the CPI would drop about 0.5 percent for the whole year, Lian Ping, chief economist of Bank of Communications, the country's fifth largest lender, told Xinhua Sunday. China's CPI, a main gauge of inflation, dipped 1.1 percent in the first half from a year earlier, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) figures. This graphics made on August 1 shows prices of edible oil drop while those of meat and eggs increase compared with those on July 1 in China. China's consumer price index (CPI) decline pace would slow down in the second half and the CPI would drop about 0.5 percent for the whole year, Lian Ping, chief economist of Bank of Communications, the country's fifth largest lender, told Xinhua Sunday    "China might see a CPI rise in the fourth quarter along with the recovery of the economy," Lian said.     He predicted that China would see a moderate CPI rise next year, with the growth pace less than 4 percent.     The Shanghai-based bank said in a Saturday report that China's economy would continue to recover from the world financial crisis in the second half and expand at the rate of 8.5 percent for the whole year.

BEIJING, Aug. 27 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang Wednesday chaired a meeting on the national pollution survey and urged more efforts to protect environment.     China launched its latest nationwide pollution survey at the end of 2006.     Li said further work should be done to boost environmental protection and tackle serious pollution problems to boost sustainable development in China and improve people's living standards and quality. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang chaires a meeting on the national pollution survey in Beijing, capital of China, Aug. 26, 2009    He said more efforts should be made to treat key polluters and get rid of potential pollution dangers in a bid to ensure public health.     He said infrastructure construction on environmental protection should be sped up including urban waste water treatment plants, pollution treatment equipment in enterprises and environmental monitoring equipment.     Besides "treatment", "prevention" was also indispensable and more efforts should be made to adjust industrial structure and upgrade industries to eliminate backward production capacity , Li said.     More efforts should be made to boost circular economy, green economy and environmental protection sectors, Li said.

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BEIJING, Aug. 11 (Xinhua) -- China's key July economic data adds to the optimism that the world's third largest economy is back on the track to recovery amid the global downturn, though challenges still persist. The July decline compared     MORE POSITIVE CHANGES     Both investment and consumption, two major engines that drive up China's growth, increased, according to statistics the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) released Tuesday.     Urban fixed-asset investment rose 32.9 percent year on year in the first seven months. Retail sales, the main measure of consumer spending, rose 15.2 percent in July, following a 15 percent growth in June. Graphics shows China's consumer price index from January of 2008 to January of 2009. The CPI was down 1.8 percent in July compared with the same month a year earlier, according to National Bureau of Statistics of China on Aug. 11, 2009Further signs of rebound in private spending supported a sustained growth recovery, Peng Wensheng, analyst at the Barclays Capital, said in an e-mailed statement to Xinhua.     Although exports, another bedrock that fueled China's fast growth in the past few years, fell on a year-on-year basis last month, there were signs of improvement.     China's foreign trade figures were better than they looked on the surface. July exports fell 23 percent from a year earlier, but increased 10.4 percent from June. Imports declined 14.9 percent year on year last month, but rose 8.7 percent month on month.     According to the General Administration of Customs, the country's foreign trade has risen since March measured from month to month, and the trend of recovery had stabilized.     Improvements in these data indicated China's economy was recovering and the government's policies to boost domestic demand and stabilize foreign trade had paid off, said Zhang Yansheng, a researcher with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the country's economic planner.     Among other statistics released Tuesday, industrial output climbed 10.8 percent in July from a year earlier, quickening from 10.7 percent in June and 8.9 percent in May. Power generation, an important indicator measuring industrial activities, expanded 4.8 percent in July.     Peng expected the country's economic growth to rise above 8 percent in the third quarter this year and 10 percent in the fourth quarter.      　　POLICY STANCE UNCHANGED     Despite these positive changes in China's economy, uncertainties still existed in world economic development and some domestic companies and industries faced difficulties, said Song Li, deputy chief of the Academy of Macroeconomic Research under the NDRC.     As a result, the macro-economic policy orientation should remain unchanged, Song said.     China's economy grew only 7.1 percent in the first half this year. This compared with double-digit annual growth during the 2003-2007 period and also the first two quarters last year.     The government set an annual target of 8 percent for this year's economic growth, which was said essential for expanding employment.     China unveiled a four-trillion-yuan (584.8 billion U.S. dollars) stimulus package and adopted proactive fiscal policy and moderately loose monetary policy to expand domestic demand, hoping increases in investment and consumption would make up for losses from ailing exports.     To stimulate economy, lenders pumped 7.73 trillion yuan of new loans into the economy in the first seven months, the People's Bank of China, the central bank, said Tuesday.     The surge in credit, however, sparked concerns over possible inflation and speculation about a shift in the country's monetary policy.     Economists dispelled such concerns, saying consumer prices were still falling and the growth in new bank loans eased in July.     The consumer price index (CPI), a main gauge of inflation, dipped 1.8 percent in July from a year earlier. The producer price index (PPI), which measures inflation at the wholesale level, fell 8.2 percent year on year last month.     New lending in July cooled to 355.9 billion yuan, less than a quarter of the June total of more than 1.5 trillion yuan.     Premier Wen Jiabao reaffirmed during the weekend that China would unwaveringly adhere to its proactive fiscal and moderate monetary policies in face of economic difficulties and challenges, like ailing exports and industrial overcapacity.     Wen's stance echoed Zhu Zhixin, vice minister in charge of the NDRC, who underscored on Friday that there would be no change in China's macro-economic policy as the overseas market was still severe.     He warned that any change in the macro-economic policy would disturb the recovery or rebound momentum, or even perish the previous efforts and achievements.     "Efforts to keep a stable and fast economic development is the top priority of the country in the second half," he said.

BEIJING, July 23 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao vowed to stick to the proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy in the second half year to sustain stable and relatively fast economic growth.     Hu, who is also general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), made the remarks at a conference with leaders of the country's leading non-Communist Parties on Thursday in Beijing.     Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and other senior leaders including top political advisor Jia Qinglin, Vice President Xi Jinping and Vice Premier Li Keqiang, attended the meeting.     Hu said the Chinese economy is generally improving because of the stimulus packages the Chinese government rolled out to weather the global economic downturn, but caution against risks should be strengthened.     The macroeconomic policies should be maintained to consolidate the current recovery to achieve the goal of eight-percent economic growth for this year, Hu said.     China's annual economic growth quickened to 7.9 percent in the second quarter of this year, mainly boosted by a 33.5 percent surge in fixed-asset investment driven by powerful fiscal and monetary stimulus. The figure was compared with the 6.1 percent economic growth in the first quarter and 6.8 percent in the fourth quarter of last year.     Hu called for thorough implementation of stimulus measures to expand domestic demand. The government tried to boost domestic demand to offset falling exports because of a slump of global demand. The measures included programs of rural home appliance subsidy and home appliance replacement and purchase tax cuts on autos.     Economic restructuring and innovation should be enhanced to ensure economic recovery, Hu said.     In rural development, Hu called for efforts to boost grain production and increase farmers' income through various channels. More investment should go to ethnic, border and poor regions, Hu added.

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BEIJING, Oct. 13 (Xinhua) -- Russian Prime Minister Putin said here on Tuesday that Russia and China are working on a huge oil and gas cooperation project.     In an exclusive interview with Xinhua, Putin said the two countries have signed a 20-year oil supply agreement and laid more than 2,000 kilometers of crude oil pipelines for this. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin (L) is interviewed by Peng Shujie (2nd R), deputy chief editor of Xinhua News Agency, Ma Li (3rd R), deputy chief editor of People's Daily, and Shui Junyi, TV host from China Central Television (CCTV), in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 13, 2009China is also laying on its side the corresponding pipeline, he said, adding the two counties are studying the feasibility of building a refinery in China.     Putin said as the world's nuclear power, Russia keeps an open mind towards cooperation in this field.     "Russia and China are very active in the nuclear energy cooperation, "Putin said, citing the Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant as a good example.     Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant, located in the Lianyungang city in eastern China's Jiangsu Province, is so far the largest nuclear power cooperative program between China and Russia.     Putin said Russia is willing to supply coal to China and the supply is increasing rapidly, noting China has good equipment and technology on coal processing.     As for natural gas cooperation, Putin said negotiations are underway and would certainly yield satisfactory results.     On the specific ways of gas supply and the pricing, he said those issues should be resolved at the enterprise level.     "The most important thing is that Russia and China have the need and capacity to enhance cooperation and the two economies are complementary to each other," Putin said, adding such cooperation would last for decades.     With regard to the problems and frictions in the bilateral trade, Putin said those small problems would not impact the general strategic cooperation between the two countries.     He took the "gray custom clearance" as an example. It was the name given to the illegal practice of getting items across the border without official customs approval.     The illegal practice would make the government unable to supervise domestic industries and lead to bankruptcies and unemployment, which might cause more troubles to the society against the backdrop of the financial crisis, he said.     Putin called upon the two countries to establish a set of unified rules, which would be obeyed by both sides, so as to achieve a just, sound and civilized mechanism of cooperation.

SHANGHAI, Aug. 23 (Xinhua) -- Serbian President Boris Tadic on Sunday visited China's economic powerhouse Shanghai, continuing his week-long visit to the country.     Accompanied by Wei Jinghua, China's ambassador to Serbia, Tadic arrived here Saturday evening from the ancient capital Xi'an in northwest China.     During his stay, Tadic visited the landmarks of Shanghai, such as the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Yuyuan Garden, a renowned traditional Chinese-style garden, and the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center, where the progress of and plans for the city's major projects are illustrated.  Serbian President Boris Tadic (1st R) looks at a Shanghai local dwelling during his visit at the Shanghai History Museum in Shanghai Municipality, east China, Aug. 23, 2009.    Tadic made the week-long visit as guest of his Chinese counterpart Hu Jintao.